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The key to making silage is to provide the necessary conditions for the proliferation of lactic acid bacteria:
First, in the process of preparation, the raw materials should be as short as possible, and compacted when installed, in order to eliminate the air inside the crucible. Second, the water content in the raw material is about 75% (that is, when the water can be unscrewed by hand), it is most suitable for the reproduction of lactic acid bacteria. Silage should be based on the green level of corn stalks to determine whether watering is required. Third, the raw materials should contain a certain amount of sugar. Generally, the sugar content of corn stalks meets the requirements.
There are many methods for silage corn stalks. Only the most basic general silage method is introduced here, which is convenient for popularization in rural areas.
1. Digging 窖 Choose a solid silt with a strong soil, a high dry terrain, a leeward sun, and a place where rain is difficult to flood. The shape of the skull is generally divided into a circle and a rectangle. The wall is straight and smooth, impervious to water and airtight. The width of the crucible should generally be less than the depth. The preferred ratio is 1:1.5~2, which is good for the weight of the raw material itself and can reduce the loss. The size of the sputum should be determined according to the amount of silage and the number of heads raised. The general diameter of the circle is between 1.7 and 3 meters, the depth is 3-4 meters, and the bottom is in the shape of a pot. Large-scale livestock farms should use rectangular rafts with a width of 1.7 to 3 meters and a depth of 2.3 to 3.3 meters. The length depends on the amount of silage. The corners of the rectangular enamel should be rounded to facilitate the lowering and compaction of the material. In order to reduce the loss of silage, a plastic film should be laid on the bottom and the periphery.
2. The calculation of the silage capacity should be based on the water content and the degree of chopping of the raw materials. First, the weight of the silage per unit volume (cubic meter) should be grasped (for example, if the corn stover has a small amount of water, it will be cut into finely divided cubes. The weight of the rice is 430~500 kg; the thicker one is 380~450 kg), and then the volume of the crucible is multiplied to obtain the weight (kg) of the silage in the crucible.
3. Production Silage raw materials are best stored on the same day. Before installing the raft, check whether the bottom and the wall are paved with the “bottomâ€. If the sill is covered with a mat (protecting the raw materials from contamination and the soil entering the raft), then start the hoeing (the chopping length should not exceed 3.3 cm). Broken edges, try to avoid chopped raw materials exposed to the outside for too long. The raw materials loaded into the crucible should be spread out at any time. If the raw material is too dry, sprinkle some water evenly. It needs to be compacted once every 30 cm. The circumference of the cockroach should pay special attention to the compression, and it is better to use stone smashing or relying on the tractor to suppress it. Filled layer by layer, when the ground is 0.5~1 meters in a dome shape, it is sealed. When sealing, first cover the layer with a plastic film, add a layer of soft hay, add soil and tamping, and smooth the surface. After sealing, a drainage ditch should be dug 1 m away from the cornice, and the top of the crucible should be checked for sag. If it is found to be sunken, it should be repaired to prevent air and rain from entering.
Author: Liu Lan
Source: Science and Technology Information
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Silage corn stalks increase conversion and utilization
The silage method is used to preserve the green or partially green corn stalks after the autumn harvest, which can preserve the nutrients well, and the texture is soft and fragrant. It can enhance the appetite of cattle and sheep and solve the forage in winter and spring. insufficient. At the same time, the production of silage material should save half of the land area compared with the same amount of hay piled up, and it is also beneficial to fire prevention, rain prevention, mold resistance and elimination of crop pests on straw.
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