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Pumping station engineering - Submersible pumps and emergency drainage technology
First, the submersible pump Submersible pump is a mechanical and electrical integration of high-tech products. In recent years, as the submersible pump in the sealing, insulation, cooling and monitoring technology has made great progress, but also successfully realized the pump and the outlet pipe of the automatic coupling, so that the large-diameter submersible pump popularization and application of significantly accelerated. As the submersible pump station to save engineering investment, quick installation and maintenance, operating conditions greatly improved, equipment reliability and service life significantly improved. At present, China not only produces and installs axial-flow pumps and mixed-flow pumps with a diameter of 900 mm or less, but also produces large submersible pumps with diameters of 1.4 m and 1.6 m, laying a good foundation for the technical promotion of submersible electric pumping stations. Submersible pumps are not afraid of flooding, but also has the advantages of quick disassembly and installation of good maneuverability, able to cope with the surge in water levels, flooded pump room and other emergencies, the advent of large submersible pumps, pumping station structure type, installation Methods, operating environment, etc. have undergone a revolutionary change. Compared with the conventional pump station, submersible pump station in the low-lying flood prone area has more obvious advantages. At the same time, there are submersible sewage pump and row of sand pump and other pump type, timely removal of drainage river siltation.  (A) the characteristics of submersible pump 1. Pumping stations are not afraid of flooding For low-lying waterlogging areas, dykes in the burst or exceed the design standards of heavy rainfall, irrigation and drainage pumping station often flooded. Once the pumping station mechanical and electrical equipment soaked in water, cleaning and baking and other repair work is very large, will delay the drainage time and increase disaster losses. Therefore, the conventional flood control and pumping station itself is also one of the most important issues. However, submersible pump is used submersible motor, pump unit can run underwater. Therefore, even if the pumping station is submerged, the submersible pump is ready for operation in a stable area as long as the motor is not overloaded.  2 quick disassembly  previous submersible pump and outlet pipe is bolted, mainly for deep well water supply, drainage and other small construction. However, the modern submersible pump and the outlet pipe have achieved automatic coupling between the pump in the case of a fixed outlet, do not need bolts can quickly install and remove the pump unit, thus greatly speeding up the unit installation and maintenance speed. Such as Cangzhou, Hebei Ye three pumping stations, each conventional diameter 1.4m vertical axial flow pump installation time of 15 to 20 days, while the same caliber submersible pump only 1 day. For small submersible pump units, installation and removal more convenient, and some just 1 hour can be installed or disassembled. This is for flood control drainage and other emergency disassembly pumping station is very favorable.  The current large-diameter submersible pump main installation type shaft and rail type two.  Axial flow and guide vane Francis submersible pump is the main installation type shaft. Wellhead and suspended, curved tube, floor, open, etc., as shown in Figure 3-1. In addition, for different types of inlet runner. Wellbore submersible pumps can also be used. Figure 3-2 shows the type of wellbore submersible pump device for the bell inlet channel. 3. Pumping Station Project Investment Pumping station project investment includes civil investment and equipment investment. Submersible pumps, civil investment and equipment investment can be reduced. (1) Civil investment. Due to the following reasons, submersible pump station civil construction investment savings of 30% to 50% than conventional pumping stations.  ①Submersible pump units can run underwater, not afraid of wind and rain, the pump can save the superstructure;  ② submersible pump pump coaxial, axial size is small, the lifting height of the pump is small, Even if the superstructure needs to be constructed, its height is also lower than that of conventional pumping stations; ③ For pumping stations that need spare units, only submersible pump units need to be replaced without reducing the position of spare units, thus reducing the length of pumping stations; ④Diving Pump station does not require water pumps, drainage pumps, vacuum pumps, fans and other auxiliary equipment, pump room area is small, hydraulic structure is simple.  (2) equipment investment. Due to the submersible pump seal, insulation, cooling and other requirements of high, all kinds of monitoring equipment within the unit are more - so the cost of the submersible pump itself is usually higher than the conventional unit. However, because submersible pumps can save a lot of ancillary equipment, equipment investment in submersible pump stations is still lower than conventional pump stations.  4. High reliability, long service life  And conventional pumping station equipment, submersible pump less auxiliary equipment, not only can simplify the operating procedures, is conducive to automation, and can greatly reduce the probability of failure, so that equipment The reliability is significantly improved. At the same time, because of the modern seal, insulation, cooling technology developed rapidly, making the submersible pump is not prone to failure. Even with sealing leaks, high temperature rise, insulation decline and other phenomena, a variety of sensors will be timely signal transmission and control and protection, therefore, submersible pump with high reliability.  In addition, the submersible pump installation and disassembly is very convenient, in non-operational season can be lifted, greatly improving the unit's management conditions, which can extend the long pump unit life.  (B) the application of submersible pump in emergency drainage With the rapid elimination of water pumps in the low-lying flood prone areas of water is to reduce flooding after floods effective measures. In recent years, the use of submersible pumps to relieve sudden floods in unusual times is receiving special attention from all walks of life. It is understood. Japan aimed at smaller rivers, to exclude waterlogging for the main purpose of the development of mobile emergency drainage submersible pumps complete sets of equipment. Followed by emergency drainage things came into being, but also prepared emergency drainage pump equipment technical standards. In addition, in 1995, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China, began to study mobile drainage and filling vehicles equipped with submersible pumps and played an important role in resisting Liaohe River floods in those years.  1. The characteristics of emergency drainage  The so-called emergency drainage, refers to the sudden emergence of a very period, with the emergency nature of the drainage task. Such as: flash floods in critical mines, pit safety, to stabilize the soil, to prevent landslides and other accidents when the emergency drainage; typhoon and heavy rains, in order to protect low-lying flood prone areas from waterlogging emergency drainage and so on. Compared with the general drainage task, the characteristics of emergency drainage are as follows: (1) The task of emergency drainage is always accompanied by sudden disastrous weather, often impossible to prepare well in advance. At the same time, if the implementation of emergency drainage measures ineffective, the consequences will not be reconsidered. Therefore, "emergency drainage" is also called "emergency drainage."  (2) The design standard of the standard high general drainage pump station is designed to discharge the rainstorm for 1 ~ 3 days on the 1st day to the depth of the crop flooding. However, the emergency drainage usually requires the flood water disaster caused by the exceeding standard heavy rainstorm. As far as possible to exclude the shortest possible time, far more than the standard design of drainage pumping station  (3) bad business typhoon, rainstorm and other sudden disaster comes, accompanied by the storm is the power outage, virtually exacerbated Rush night row job difficulty, often require emergency drainage to adapt to a no power supply, two ignorant lighting conditions, and the harsh winds and harsh operating conditions. 2. Submersible pump in the application of emergency drainage In order to meet the needs of emergency drainage, it is necessary to develop complete sets of equipment with the following conditions.  (1) Removable movable installation, so as to call multiple spare pump units if necessary, concentrate on resolving urgent and standard high-level emergency drainage task; or centralize the emergency water special equipment to set up an emergency drainage management center or Emergency drainage base, according to the need to call at any time.  (2) easy loading and unloading Pump units require a compact, easy to operate, reliable, and requires small size, light weight, moving handling simple and convenient.  (3) high universality of the pump unit requirements versatility, the installation of any manufacturer the same size products, parts should be interchangeable to reduce on-site installation time and equipment to facilitate the maintenance and management.  Second, the introduction of complete sets of equipment for emergency drainage  Shenyang Municipal Water Conservancy Bureau and the Shenyang No. 2 Pump Plant joint development and development of the CPBC-4500-1-2-type mobile irrigation and drainage vehicles is a new type of pump station. The submersible pumps, diesel engines, generators, water pipes and other auxiliary equipment are installed on the car chassis with lifting equipment, do not need to support any hydraulic structures, can be installed anytime, anywhere. Its research and development and promotion of the application of a radical change in the traditional fixed drainage station mode, change from passive to active, variable fixed as mobile, you can maximize the potential of the device.  The main features of the device are as follows:  (1) flexible, fast response where there is needed to change passive waiting for the initiative to deal with emergencies to deal with flood fighting and disaster relief; (2) strong adaptability does not require any water (3) The project investment province has greatly reduced the project cost due to the abolition of complicated hydraulic structures; (4) Ease of management Mobile drainage truck can be centralized management, completely changed the original irrigation and drainage equipment placed in the wilderness, vulnerable to man-made and natural factors, is conducive to small and medium-sized mechanical and electrical drainage irrigation equipment management level. (5) high equipment utilization The device can be used for emergency drainage, can also be used for irrigation. Lifting equipment without irrigation and drainage tasks can also be used for technical transformation of pump stations, construction of large projects such as drainage, trucks can also run transportation, economic and social benefits are significant; the results in July 1997 Shenyang Branch The committee has experts and scholars from Wuhan University of Hydraulic and Electric Power, Ministry of Water Resources, Songliao Committee, Liaoning Provincial Department of Water Resources, Shenyang Water Resources Bureau and other relevant departments to participate in the technical appraisal, and won the first prize of agricultural technology promotion in Shenyang City, with advanced domestic level, In some areas reached the international advanced level.