After the Spring Festival, the management of the greenhouse is very important!

After the Spring Festival, the external temperature began to rise sharply. Especially after the rain, the lowest temperature gradually rose above 0 °C, and the environment inside the shed also changed. However, many vegetable farmers failed to realize that with the change of temperature, vegetables The growth situation has also begun to change, and there should be corresponding adjustments in vegetable management. Here, Xiaobian starts from the aspects of temperature, facilities, water and fertilizer, pest control, plant adjustment, etc., and introduces several changes that need to be paid attention to in the management of vegetables.

Temperature management: simple insulation becomes a reasonable temperature control

In winter, the temperature is low, the light is insufficient, and the humidity is too large. Therefore, the winter is mainly composed of heat preservation and light enhancement. However, as the light is strengthened, the weather warms up, the temperature rises, and the environment of the shed changes accordingly. From the original single heat preservation to the reasonable regulation of the temperature change of the shed.

First, strictly control the temperature, especially the night temperature. As the outside temperature rises, the temperature in the shed and the nighttime continually increases, and before the shed cover is removed, the heat preservation is strong, especially some new sheds with strong heat preservation, which are prone to high night temperatures. The respiration of vegetable plants is enhanced, the plants are prone to prolonged phenomenon, the fruit is slow, and physiological problems are frequent. It is recommended that the vegetable farmers timely observe the temperature in the shed when the shed is started. The minimum temperature of the warm vegetables such as cucumber, eggplant and tomato is controlled at 13~15 °C, and the minimum temperature of vegetables such as zucchini and other cool climate can be controlled at 10~12 °C. It is beneficial to the transfer, distribution, rooting, tree-promoting and fruit-breaking of photosynthesis products produced during the daytime, and can increase the temperature difference between day and night, reduce respiratory consumption and control.

Secondly, pay attention to adjust the reflective film in time, and grow creeping vegetables on the back wall. During the Spring Festival, the illumination time is longer, the light intensity increases, and the incident angle of the light changes. The vegetable grower should pay attention to adjusting the angle of the reflective film. The lower end of the reflective film can be kept away from the back wall so that it can still be irradiated onto the vegetable plants to avoid failure. Before and after the Qingming, the sun is already very strong, there is no need to keep the reflective film, otherwise the light intensity in the shed will be too large, and even the sunburn will occur. Moreover, after the weather turns warm, the back wall of the greenhouse will store too much heat, which will cause the night temperature to be too high and the nutrient consumption of the plant to be large. Here, we recommend that vegetable farmers plant vines, beans and other vines on the back wall of the greenhouse, so that they can make full use of the greenhouse space, improve planting efficiency, and reduce the heat storage capacity of the back wall, avoiding too much night temperature. Got it.

Facilities management: maintain and avoid damage

First, set the rain-proof membrane to prevent rain from entering the shed. There are more snowfalls this winter, and farmers are more aware of the dangers of heavy snow. Judging from the weather analysis in spring, the rain in this spring is more than that in the same period of the previous year. Xiaobian here reminds the farmers to install the rain film on the top vents in time to prevent the rain from entering the shed and causing high disease.

Secondly, maintain the state of grasshoppers, insulation, and film. Insulation measures on the shed, such as grass rafts, insulation, etc., after a winter use, often exist too wet, damaged, etc., should be aired and repaired in time. Pay special attention to the weather forecast during this time. When there is rain, pay attention to cover the film on the straw curtain to avoid getting wet. Wet grass must be dried early to ensure it is dry, so as not to affect the pull and life of the straw curtain. The film on the grass scorpion has been used for a winter, and there may be more damage. It is recommended that the vegetable grower repair the film in time and fill the cavity on the film to avoid the rain curtain leaking and causing the grass curtain to be wet.

Again, pay attention to the maintenance of the hanging wire. For a large number of vegetables, as the plants continue to grow, the load-bearing capacity of the hanging vine wire is constantly increasing, especially for tomatoes, eggplants and other vegetables, the state of the hanging vine wire should be checked early, and the rusted place should be reinforced in time. Avoid damage to the inverted frame.

Irrigation: watering and topdressing methods must change

As the weather warmed, the temperature of the shed increased, the ground temperature also increased significantly, and the growth rate of the plants increased significantly. In this case, the vegetable farmers are required to strengthen the management of fertilizer and water, not only to raise roots, but also to increase nutrient supply and increase production. In general, vegetables require higher levels of nitrogen and potassium. It is understood that most of the vegetable farmers in the winter watering is about once in about 20 days, and the topdressing is mainly based on humic acid, chitin, biological fertilizer and other root-feeding fertilizers. After entering the spring, fertilizer and water management should be adjusted in time.

First, the type of fertilizer applied should be changed. After humic acid, chitin, biological bacterial fertilizer, etc., the impact on ground temperature is small, the root of the wound is light, and it has a root-promoting effect, which is especially suitable for winter flooding, which is its advantage. However, the nutrient content of these fertilizers is low, and it is difficult to meet the demand for nutrients for rapid growth of the trees after the weather turns warm. Therefore, after the weather is warming, water-soluble high-nitrogen and high-potassium quick-acting fertilizers should be used, and the amount of mu should be 8-10 kg. This type of fertilizer is full of nutrients, high in content, does not harm the roots, and has high absorption and utilization rate. It is an ideal fertilizer for promoting the attack of melons. It should be noted that after a winter nutrient consumption, the nutrient content in the soil has changed to some extent. The nitrogen fertilizer with higher content in the base fertilizer is reduced, and the high potassium fertilizer is applied more. Therefore, for a large vegetable, spring fertilization The balance of nitrogen and potassium should be the main type to avoid imbalance of nutrients. In addition, every 1 to 2 times of full-water-soluble fertilizer can be applied once a week to humic acid, chitin or biological bacterial fertilizer, the effect is better, can prevent root diseases and promote root development.

Second, the watering method has to be changed. In winter, many vegetable farmers, mainly in the seedling stage, growth period, and fruiting period, are mainly based on small water, and some vegetable farmers do not even water for one or two months to control the humidity in the shed. However, after the weather gets warmer, the water demand of vegetables is greatly increased. It is necessary to pay attention to watering in time and shorten the interval, such as 20 days in winter and 10 to 15 days in spring. It is best to use a combination of large water and small water. It is not possible to plant the plants with small water every time.

Pests and diseases: obvious changes in prevention and treatment

After the temperature rises, the pests and diseases will also change. The most serious gray mold, sclerotinia, and downy mildew in the winter have begun to be alleviated. As the temperature rises, it is necessary to learn to use the high temperature and control the temperature and humidity in the shed to control the occurrence of these diseases. Such as gray mold, when the temperature is higher than 33 °C, the growth and reproduction of pathogenic bacteria is inhibited, such temperature is difficult to achieve in winter, the pathogen can be controlled by the high temperature in spring, and the vent is closed at 1~3 days after watering at high temperature. Keeping the shed for 35~38 °C for 1~2 hours can help inhibit the infection of pathogens and reduce the occurrence of gray mold.

The shed environment in the spring is very conducive to vegetable powdery mildew, leaf mold and bacterial diseases. The next step is stronger light, umbilical rot and sunburn will occur, and prevention should be taken early. Powdery mildew: the near-rounded pink spots on the leaves. In severe cases, the leaves have fading green spots, and some are connected into large pieces or covered with whole leaves. Powdery mildew is sensitive to sulfur preparations, and the control agent is mainly thiophanate-methyl, etc. It can also be used in Shigao and Ami. Bacterial diseases are easy to cause stalks and fruits to rot, and have a foul smell. The control agents are mainly copper preparations and antibiotics.

In addition to diseases, as the weather gets warmer, pests become one of the important threats to vegetable production. Vegetable farmers should pay attention to early detection and early prevention. There are many pests in the shed in winter, and the three major pests of whitefly, locust and thrips are still high. In addition, cockroaches and snails are also very serious, which deserves everyone's attention. The whitefly can be prevented by the use of thiamethoxam, acetamiprid, and nitenpyram. The aphids can be controlled by avermectin, scorpion, and snail ester, and the scorpion can be controlled by herbs such as chlorpyrifos and imidacloprid. Insects, thrips, whiteflies and other pests breed rapidly. It is necessary to pay attention to early prevention. Spray the medicine as soon as possible after the occurrence, and continue to use the medicine to improve the control effect and avoid drug resistance. For the sheds where cockroaches and snails occur, you can use the nails to kill the ground.

Pruning: appropriate adjustment of leaf picking

In the deep winter season, the temperature and ground temperature are low, the growth of vegetable plants is small, and the number of picking leaves is small. However, after the weather warms up, the growth of vegetable plants is accelerated, and the branches and leaves of vegetables are dense, which reduces the ventilation and light transmission between the plants, especially the small environment of the lower part of the plant is easy to form, which affects the coloring of the fruit and easily aggravates the disease. Therefore, it is necessary to do a good job of pruning in time. The growth of vegetables has increased significantly, and the way in which different vegetables are pruned should be adjusted.

Cucumber, loofah and other cucurbitaceae vegetables, picking leaves and falling vines in time. For the leaves that have been aged in the lower part of cucumber and loofah, the photosynthesis is reduced and the photosynthetic rate is decreased. Once the vines are dropped, the upper leaves fall below, causing the upper and lower leaves to overlap, and the organic nutrition produced by the lower leaves photosynthesis is not even sufficient to meet their own needs. Therefore, before the vines, the lower leaves should be removed first, and then the worms should be dried after the wounds are dry. Of course, it can also be carried out simultaneously with the falling vines. The single tree is first picked and then fallen.

For the pepper and bell pepper in the solanaceous fruit, the ineffective result branches and the inner lychee should be removed in time after picking the pepper. The purpose of removing the inner lychee leaves is to avoid the canopy between the plants, enhance the ventilation and light transmission, and at the same time facilitate the ripening of the fruit. The outer branches of the plant are located in a large space, with good daylighting and strong growth, and the lateral branches produced on the outside can be cultivated as the result branches.

For a large number of colorful peppers, it is necessary to change the four main branches in time to result in the second and third main branches, that is, the weak branches on the pepper trees and the empty branches of the figs are removed early, on the one hand, the nutrient consumption of the plants is reduced; Improve the ventilation and light transmission between the lines. In the middle and late stages of the plant, even if the four main branches grow in equal length, one or two main branches should be removed to maintain the growth of the plants.