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Zooming to the atomic scale, the friction is because the atoms are stuck together, making them difficult to pass each other. Just like sliding another box over an egg-filled box, they get entangled during the sliding process. 
Combining these three materials, researchers at Argonne National Laboratory observed that graphene sheets interact with diamond nanoparticles on the diamond-like carbon surface during friction. In fact, graphene is rolled up around the diamond particles, creating a miniature ball bearing structure that researchers call nanorolls. These nanorolls are able to change direction during the sliding process, preventing the two surfaces from locking together. The researchers tested it to prove that this was happening at the nanometer level, and also used the Mira supercomputer for large-scale atomic calculations at the leading computing facility in Agung, indicating that the phenomenon is equally effective on a macro scale, at least In theory, this is true.
Although these results are very promising, the team also encountered a confusing problem. Diamond/graphene composites work extremely well under dry conditions, but in harsh environments, superlubricity is not maintained.
To understand the mystery, the researchers turned to atomic calculations again, indicating that the presence of water layers inhibits the formation of nanovolumes, leading to higher friction. The team believes that this discovery may have a significant impact on this area. “Everyone dreams of achieving ultra-lubrication in a wide range of mechanical systems, but this is a difficult goal to achieve,†the researchers said. “The knowledge gained from this research is critical to the design of the abatement, and can be applied from engines or turbines to computer hard drives and MEMS.†The findings were published in the journal Science Express.
The combination of diamond nanoparticles and graphene enables "ultra-lubrication"
Abstract Researchers from the US Department of Energy's Argonne National Laboratory have constructed a new combination of graphene and diamond that can almost completely overcome friction. This feature, called superlubrication, is a highly sought after feature of a range of mechanical systems. Scale to atomic scale, Mo...
Researchers from the US Department of Energy's Argonne National Laboratory have constructed a new combination of graphene and diamond that can almost completely overcome friction. This feature, called superlubrication, is a highly sought after feature of a range of mechanical systems.