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Rape cultivation in autumn is to "three early, four defense"
Rape cultivation in autumn is a major technological reform to increase the yield of rapeseed, which is more than 35% higher than that of winter cultivation. Practice has proved that rapeseed fights for autumn and wins high yields, and it is necessary to strengthen the cultivation and management measures of "three early" and "four defenses".
1. "Three Mornings" is the core of rapeseed cultivation in autumn
The indicators for autumn cultivation are: at the end of November, the main stem leaves 9-10, the leaf area coefficient is 1.5 or more, before the winter (end of December), the main stem green leaves 12-13, the leaf area coefficient is more than 2.5. To meet the above requirements, we must highlight "three early".
1. Appropriate early broadcast. September 10 is a suitable time for planting autumn rapeseed in the Yangtze River Basin. High-quality varieties or combinations such as Huaza No.3, Huaza No.4, Zhongshuang No.4, Huashuang No.3 and Zhongyouza No.2 can be selected. Excellent varieties suitable for local cultivation can be used everywhere.
2, planted in time. In order to make rapeseed set up a high-yield seedling rack for autumn, it is necessary to grab the season and plant the season, and make full use of the abundant warm and light resources in September and October. Autumn-style rapeseed is required to be transplanted before October 20, and the three-crop paddy field rapeseed should be ditched for 5-7 days before the “double night†harvest. Carrying transplants in time after harvesting. Transplanting density: cotton field planting, 6000-7000 plants per mu; rice fields 8,000-10000 plants per mu.
3, early tube after planting. It is necessary to plant the side tubes. Pour the root water to promote the survival of the green. After living the tree, it should be ploughed early, and the soil should be loosened to prevent soil compaction and increase the ground temperature. On the basis of applying the base fertilizer, early application of seedling fertilizer to promote growth, re-application of wax fertilizer to prevent spring decline, increase the application of phosphorus, potassium fertilizer and boron fertilizer, prevent deficiency and dead seedlings. In addition, it is necessary to open a "three ditch" to prevent waterlogging from high standards, and timely irrigation and drought prevention.
Second, "four defenses" is the guarantee for the cultivation of rapeseed in autumn
1, pest control. Rape seedling stage aphids, cabbage caterpillars and other serious damage, must be focused on prevention, so as not to cause damage and cause viral diseases, affecting strong seedlings and early onset.
2, anti-weak seedlings. In the autumn cultivation of rapeseed, it is necessary to first cultivate strong seedlings. Strong seedling standard: When transplanting, the seedlings have 7-8 green leaves, the plant height is 23-26 cm, and the rhizome is 0.7-0.8 cm thick. Measures: 1 diluted broadcast. 400-500 grams of high-quality seeds are selected per mu of seedbeds and evenly sown. 2 morning seedlings, evenly stay strong seedlings. After emergence, the seedlings are 2-3 times, and the seedlings are fixed at the 3rd leaf stage, leaving about 135 seedlings per square meter. 3 spray paclobutrazol. In the 3-leaf stage, use 15% paclobutrazol WP 75-100g per acre, add water 75-100 kg, spray evenly, do not spray or leak. 4 Strengthen the management of seedbed fertilizer and water, prevent drought, prevent waterlogging, prevent de-fertilization, promote 3 leaves, and control after 5 leaves. 5 transplanted at the appropriate age. The transplanting seedling age is preferably 30-35 days.
3, anti-freeze damage. Autumn oil has formed a large vegetative body before winter, and is susceptible to freezing damage in winter. Causes the leaves to become rigid, purple, and even dead. Therefore, anti-freezing damage is an important part of rapeseed cultivation in autumn. Before the end of November, we must do a good job of cultivating the roots of the soil, and apply the wax fertilizer before the winter to protect the roots and protect the seedlings. At the same time, foliar application of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and green wind 95, "802" and other plant growth regulators to improve the cold resistance of rapeseed, to lay the foundation for the safe wintering of rapeseed.
4, prevent early sputum. In autumn cultivation, due to the early sowing date, the growth is accelerated. When the temperature is higher than before winter, it is prone to early flowering and early flowering, which reduces the cold resistance of rapeseed and is vulnerable to freezing damage. It is imperative to strengthen the management of field cultivation on the basis of cultivating strong seedlings and early planting. For the early sputum that has appeared, it should be removed in time, and the appropriate amount of quick-acting fertilizer should be applied to promote the development of branches and increase the branching angle.
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