Types and applications of common feed additives for cattle

Non-protein nitrogen and nitrogenous substances include urea, biuret, ammonium salt, isobutyl diurea, etc., which can provide rumen microorganisms with the nitrogen source needed for the synthesis of bacterial proteins, so they can be used as protein additives instead of some proteins in the diet. feed.

The non-protein nitrogen addition method is generally fed after uniformly mixing with the concentrate. When feeding, the amount of urea should be strictly controlled. If it is too high, it will cause ammonia poisoning. The general addition amount should not exceed 1% of the dry matter of the diet or 33% of the crude protein of the diet. Feeding the diet containing the additive should consider supplementing cobalt and sulfur, which can effectively improve the synthesis of bacterial proteins. It is strictly forbidden to dissolve the additive in water to avoid poisoning. It is better to drink water after feeding the diet for 1 hour. In addition, the diet is limited to adult cattle, and calves (within 6 months of age) are not fully developed due to rumen microflora development. In addition to the mixed feeding method, the method of adding non-protein nitrogen also has silage (that is, when adding silage, the amount of addition is generally about 0.4%), and the urea salt brick (that is, urea and salt are pressed into brick for feeding for cattle) And gelatinized urea (that is, the urea is coated with gelatinized starch, slowing the rate of ammonia release, and increasing the protein production of the bacteria).

Mineral additive

In recent years, the direct use of natural minerals, such as medical stone, bentonite, zeolite, sepiolite, etc., and the research and application of rare earth elements to beef cattle have been greatly developed. These minerals are abundant in China and easy to be mined and processed. Low cost, no side effects, safe use, and great application development prospects.

Polyether antibiotic

Polyether antibiotics are also known as ionophores, including monensin (ruminin), salinomycin, lasalocid, hydantoin and maduramycin. The main role of this type of antibiotic is to regulate the proportion of volatile fatty acids in the rumen, increase the amount of propionic acid, correspondingly reduce the ratio of acetic acid and butyric acid, reduce the production of methane, improve the energy utilization rate, and increase the weight of beef cattle. And feed conversion rates have improved. The amount of monensin is divided into two cases: grazing and feeding. The grazing cattle start to feed 100 mg per day, and increase to 200 mg after 6 days. The cattle are 200 mg to 360 mg per day per day, which cannot exceed 360 mg. The amount of salinomycin is generally 10 g to 20 g per ton of concentrate, or no more than 50 mg per day. The amount of lasalocid is basically the same as that of monensin.

Buffer

High-concentration strength When fattening beef cattle, due to abnormal fermentation in the rumen, the rumen acidity is too high, the p H value is decreased, the rumen microflora is inhibited, the digestion ability is weakened, and acidosis is prone to occur. The main function of adding buffer is to neutralize acidic substances, regulate p H value, increase appetite, improve feed digestion ability, and thus improve production performance. Commonly used buffering agents are sodium hydrogencarbonate, magnesium oxide, phosphate, calcium carbonate and the like. The ratio of sodium bicarbonate in the mixed concentrate is generally 0.5% to 2.0%, and the magnesium oxide is 0.5% to 1.0%. The combination of the two is better than the single use, and the ratio is 2 to 3:1.