How to improve the efficiency of fertilizer use in China

Recent years, many parts of China have the phenomenon of excess partial nitrogen in some areas, especially in economically developed regions and phenomena on crops of high economic value, the excess application of nitrogen fertilizer is also more common, causing serious loss of nitrogen and Phosphorus accumulation in soil in some areas. In addition, the large amount of organic waste is not able to return to the farmland effectively, posing a threat to the environment. However, fewer people and more of our national conditions, the fertilizer must meet the continued growth of crop production, farmers continued to increase, continued to improve agricultural productivity, rural environment continued to improve the goal of sustainable development.

To achieve this goal, it is necessary to improve fertilization technology, reduce nitrogen loss, increase the recovery rate of nitrogen fertilizer in the current season, and improve the economic benefits of fertilizer application such as nitrogen , phosphorus and potassium. To the characteristics of China's use of high-intensity farmland has on basic and applied basic research breakthroughs, innovation in technology research, and lay a solid foundation in soil fertility and fertilizer-effective monitoring and management. To this end, the following suggestions are proposed: strengthening the basic rules of soil nutrient cycling and the basic application of fertilizers . Different nutrients have their own unique transformation cycles in different soil environments . Different nutrients are in different forms, organic or inorganic. After being applied to farmland, there are laws for their release, transformation, migration, and absorption, utilization, and reuse by crops. On the farm and regional scale, the absorption of nutrient supply and crop cycle has a specific use of the law of space and time, these rules will greatly affect the rate of loss of efficiency and fertilizer. Therefore, the specific situation of each region, to carry out related basis and applied basic research, it is the fundamental demand for sustainable and efficient use of soil fertilization.

Strengthen basic work such as soil fertility and fertilizer benefit monitoring

Soil fertility is the basis for sustainable development of agriculture, fertilizer efficiency is the basis for efficient use of fertilizer resources, to protect the long-term sustainable use of agricultural fertilizers and efficient use of resources, the need to strengthen national soil fertility monitor on the main agricultural areas and major soil base building and the establishment of national fertilizer efficiency test network in real time to master the national and soil nutrient status and productivity of the region, real-time control and the country's major agricultural areas of major crops and trace elements NPK fertilizer response and increase fertilizer production Benefits, at the same time, with the help of information, databases, network technology, etc., gradually establish national and local levels of soil fertility and fertilizer benefit monitoring and management network, and form a national soil and fertilizer information exchange and management system.

ã€€ Achieve balanced fertilization and cultivate balanced, fertile and healthy farmland

The key to improving the efficiency of fertilizer use is to ensure a comprehensive and balanced supply of various macro, medium and micro nutrients necessary for crops. by The imbalance of fertilization has caused the unevenness of soil nutrient in different regions of China. In many areas, the application of nitrogen fertilizer is excessive, the benefits are low, the losses are serious, and some areas have accumulated phosphorus. In many areas, soil potassium is present. Depletion and deficiency of vegetarian and other nutrients. Therefore, when formulating a fertilizer management strategy, it must be treated differently for each nutrient deficiency in the soil : 1 ) For the lack of elements in the soil, it should be supplemented by fertilization. The appropriate level to ensure the double goal of crop yield increase and fertility; 2 ) For the content of suitable elements in the soil, it is necessary to supplement the nutrients taken by the crop harvest to maintain the supply of this nutrient in the soil. ( Ground power elements); 3 ) For the elements with abundant or obvious accumulation in the soil, you can temporarily not apply fertilizer to make full use of soil nutrient resources, or reduce the amount of fertilizer. In this way, through years of scientific fertilization tube Rationally, gradually realize the balance and rationality of various nutrients in the soil, and cultivate healthy, fertile and cultivated farmland. (The author is a researcher at the Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, International Plant Nutrition Research Director of China Project, Chairman of the China Society of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ph.D.
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