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Foreign media asserted that, like the "knowledge economy", the "circular economy" has been integrated into the mainstream economic concept of China and will have a profound impact on China's future economic development. This shows that in the face of the high consumption, high pollution and resource and environmental constraints in economic development, it has become urgent to alleviate the overall tension of resources.
Extensive growth mode has come to an end Zhang Guobao, deputy director of the National Development and Reform Commission, said recently that “energy-saving priority and efficiency-based†are the core content of China's energy planning, and China cannot take an extensive development path.
In fact, China has always attached great importance to energy and energy conservation. As early as the early 1980s, it put forward the principle of “emphasizing both energy development and conservation, giving priority to conservation†and integrating energy conservation into national economic and social development plans. In the 1990s, the sustainable development strategy was implemented and the Law of the People's Republic of China on Energy Conservation was promulgated. In 2004, China’s first “medium- and long-term special plan for energy conservation†was released. In 2005, China's energy medium- and long-term planning has been completed.
However, the extensive economic growth mode has not changed fundamentally, and economic growth is still achieved by relying on high investment in resources. According to the relevant person from the National Development and Reform Commission, according to the current exchange rate, China's GDP accounted for 4% of the world's GDP in 2003, but the proportion of important resources consumed in the world, oil is 7.4%, raw coal is 31%, steel is 27%, alumina is 25% and cement 40%. The energy consumption per unit of eight high-energy-consuming industries such as iron and steel, nonferrous metals, electric power and chemical industry is more than 40% higher than the world's advanced level. The heating energy consumption per unit of building area is equivalent to 2 to 3 times that of developed countries with similar climatic conditions. The utilization rate is 15~25 percentage points lower than the foreign advanced level, and the total recovery rate of mineral resources is 20% lower than the foreign advanced level.
The gap between resource utilization efficiency and foreign advanced level shows that China has great potential for resource conservation. The fundamental reason for high resource consumption and high waste is that production and consumption are unreasonable, resulting in great waste. In the past two years, due to rapid economic growth, the contradiction between insufficient resources such as energy, fresh water, land and minerals has become more and more prominent. Coal-electricity and oil transportation have been in full tension, prices have risen sharply, and the dependence on some important mineral resources has increased substantially. The high consumption of resources has caused high environmental pollution, industrial pollution has become increasingly complex, agriculture has faced serious water pollution, and environmental emergencies have increased, causing serious harm to the health of the people.
The era of circular economy is approaching. The circular economy is based on the efficient use and recycling of resources. Based on the principle of “reduction, reuse and resource utilizationâ€, the basic characteristics of low consumption, low emission and high efficiency are met. The economic growth model of the concept of sustainable development is a fundamental change in the traditional growth model of “mass production, mass consumption, and mass abandonmentâ€.
In his government work report this year, Premier Wen Jiabao talked about how to ease the contradiction between China's energy resources and economic and social development. He pointed out that it is necessary to vigorously develop a circular economy and accelerate the development of resources from resource extraction, production and consumption, waste utilization and social consumption. Comprehensive utilization and recycling, and actively develop new energy and renewable energy.
Since the reform and opening up, China's GDP has quadrupled, creating an unprecedented economic growth miracle, accumulating rich material wealth, but also paying a huge price for it.
According to relevant information, China’s energy consumption has doubled in the past 20 years. The amount of energy consumed by China for every dollar created is 4.3 times that of the United States, 7.7 times that of Germany and France, and 11.5 times that of Japan. According to another analysis, China's energy utilization efficiency is 10% lower than that of developed countries, and the energy consumption intensity is much higher than that of developed countries and the world average, about three times that of the United States and 7.2 times that of Japan. China's per capita resources are not many, and the ecological environment is inherently fragile. The high-consumption, high-pollution, and low-efficiency extensive expansionary economic growth mode that has been popular for more than 20 years has made the problems of large energy waste, resource shortage, and serious environmental damage increasingly prominent.
Practice has proved that the traditional high-input, high-consumption, high-emission, low-efficiency and extensive growth mode has come to an end, and the era of circular economy with the goal of building a resource-saving society is coming.
In order to solve the resource and environmental constraints, Ma Kai, the director of the National Development and Reform Commission, calculated that: “By least, by 2020, China’s primary energy consumption will reach 3 billion tons of standard coal. This means In the future, it is necessary to build 1,000 large-scale coal mines of 1,000 tons and build seven Daqin lines and corresponding ports. This is hard to imagine and difficult to achieve."
Xie Kechang, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, pointed out that the current energy bottleneck in China's economic development is increasingly prominent. Therefore, clean coal technology should be developed in the future, and renewable energy technologies should be developed in the medium and long term to form a sustainable energy system. China is a country with coal as its main energy source. To this end, energy conservation should first be placed at the top of the sustainable energy development strategy. Using high technology to improve energy efficiency is the most effective way to save energy. If energy efficiency is increased by 1%, energy input can be reduced by 1%. As a result, economic growth equivalent to 1% energy can be achieved. China's fossil energy resources are limited, and large-scale exploitation and consumption will inevitably lead to resource depletion and environmental pollution. Therefore, the development of new renewable energy sources, the expansion of fossil energy resources, and the development of diversified energy utilization are inevitable trends in energy development. At the same time, China should vigorously develop the tertiary industry and reduce the production and export of high-energy-consuming industries.
Ma Kai, director of the National Development and Reform Commission, said that the Development and Reform Commission has put forward opinions on accelerating the development of circular economy, and put forward clear opinions and requirements from the five links of resource exploitation, consumption, waste disposal, renewable resources and social consumption.
The first is to combine investment system reform, adjust and implement investment policies, and increase financial support for the development of circular economy.
Second, further deepen the price reform, study and implement the price and charging policies that promote the development of circular economy.
In addition, we must study and formulate fiscal and taxation policies that support the development of circular economy, actively improve the preferential taxation policies for comprehensive utilization of resources, study the feasibility of implementing a fee or deposit system for the recycling of large-scale renewable resources that are not easily recovered, and actively explore the establishment of ecological restoration and environmental protection. Economic compensation mechanism.
It can be foreseen that with the relevant regulations and the gradual implementation of these recommendations, the circular economy with the goal of establishing a resource-saving society will surely become an inevitable choice for China's future economic development model.
Single-Row Deep Groove Ball Bearings
Pressed Steel Cages
Single-row deep groove ball bearings are the most common type of rolling bearings. Their use is very widespread.
In addition to open type bearings, these bearings often have steel shields or rubber seals installed on one or both sides and are prelubricated with grease. Also, snap rings are sometimes used on the periphery. As to cages, pressed steel ones are the most common.
For big deep groove ball bearings, machined brass cages are used.
Machined cages are also used for high speed applications.
Extra Small Ball Bearings and Miniature Ball Bearings
Miniature and instrument ball bearings can be divided into two basic types, deep groove and angular contact. The first (deep groove) can be further divided into the following five classes depending on their design details:
Standard type
Flanged outer ring
Extended inner ring
Expanded type in which one ring has a radial thickness that is larger than normal compared with the bearing width.
Thin section type in which both rings are extra thin in the radial direction. They can also be classified as: open, shielded, or sealed.
Maximum-Type Ball Bearings
Maximum-Type ball Bearings contain a larger number of balls than normal deep groove ball bearings because of filling slots in the inner and outer rings. Because of their filling slots, they are not suitable for applications with high axial loads. types of bearings have boundary dimensions equal to those of single-row deep groove ball bearings of Series 6200 and 6300 respectively. Besides the open type, ZZ type shielded bearings are also available. When using these bearings, it is important for the filling slot in the outer ring to be outside of the loaded zone as much as possible. Their cages are pressed steel.
Circular Economy: China's Future Economic Development Model
At present, no matter whether it is in the south or the north, whether it is factory or mine, the word “energy saving†has affected all aspects of social life like never before, and it has become the latest hot spot affecting the economic development of China in 2005 and in the future. China began to seek a comprehensive transformation of the economic growth model.