Wheat straw utilization

    At present, wheat harvesting work is coming to an end. If a large amount of wheat straw can be fully utilized, it not only improves the environment, but also increases the income of farmers. The use of biochemical technology to accelerate crop straw rot, improve the temperature and speed of compost, shorten the cycle of composting, can be produced all year round, and easy to operate, labor-saving, time-saving, high composting nutrient content. The specific operation method is:

    1. Choose a venue. Choose idle pits, ditches or flats, but stick out a 30- cm-high bandit to prevent running water. 2. Treat the straw. Straw is soaked in water before being piled up. The ratio of straw (according to the weight of dry straw) is generally 11 : 8 , so that the water content of straw reaches 60%~70% , which is the key to the success of composting. 3. Materials and ratios. According to 1 ton of wheat straw with 1 kg of straw decomposing agent (such as " 301 " bacteria, preservative, " HEM " bacteria, enzyme bacteria, etc.), 5 kg of urea (or 200 ~ 300 kg of decomposed human excrement), Meet the nitrogen required for microbial fermentation. 4. Stacking method. It is generally divided into three layers, one and two layers each having a thickness of 60 cm and a third layer having a thickness of 40 cm. The straw decomposing agent and urea are evenly sprinkled between the layers and the third layer. The stacking width is generally 1.6~2 meters, the stack height is 1.0~1.6 meters (can also be up to 2 meters, but the operation is inconvenient), the length depends on the material and the size of the site, and the mud is tightly sealed after stacking. It can be used in 20~25 days, and it has good quality and high effective nutrient content.

    This technology has the following technical advantages:

    1. The method is simple. Dry, fresh straw and weeds can be piled up. 2. On -site pile-up, no need to add soil, save labor, save time and effort. 3. The temperature rises quickly and the rot is fast. Generally, the heap temperature can reach 50~70 °C after 3 days , the fresh straw is 14 days, and the dry straw can be decomposed for 18~20 days. It is not subject to seasonal restrictions and can be piled up all year round. Need to turn over and make fat once.

    In addition to using straw rotant to compost organic fertilizer, wheat straw has the following effects:

    1. Use wheat straw for the accumulation of fertilizer. Use the pigsty, add wheat straw, add soil, and add water to make organic fertilizer in the high temperature and rainy season of 7 , 8 and 9 months. The stacking method is the same as the composting compost, except that the decomposing agent and urea are not used. Instead, the level is arbitrary, but the ratio of straw to soil should be controlled during tanning. Generally, 1 : 3 is good. This method has a long stacking time and can be used after 50~60 days. 2. Use straw as animal feed. Crop straw can be directly used as feed for herbivores, but the palatability is poor and the feed intake is small. After ammoniation of straw, the crude protein is increased from 3% to 4% to 8% , the digestibility of organic matter is increased by 10 to 20 %, and a variety of amino acids are contained, which can replace 30% to 40% of concentrate. Therefore, ammoniated straw is good for feeding sheep and cattle.

Author: Gao Yunfeng

Source: Science and Technology Information