The essence of antique brick art design

/ October 03, 2024

Antique tiles are a new breed emerging from tiles in recent years. Unlike bricks and tiles, it is “born” with a “climbing old” face. Therefore, people call it an “antique brick”. In addition to the "antique brick", there are retro bricks, classical bricks, pan tiles, porcelain glazed tiles and so on. From these titles we can see that most of these names have an "old" character. “Ancient” refers to the time, people or things that have been in the past for a long time. In addition, “old” itself has an ancient, old meaning. Both ancient and old synonymy have the meaning of long history and passage of time. The long history and the passage of time are natural and meaningless. Therefore, the ancient things (long time) are "natural", and the old things (long time) are "natural." Compared with the appearance features of antique tiles and polished tiles and tiles, antique tiles do give people an antique, old-fashioned feel, or it is closer to the “natural” state—like rock pieces, pebbles, and old things. Wood, like old leather, like old iron.... In fact, antique brick design is the pursuit of nature, or the pursuit of a natural state. "Imitation" is not "true" in itself, but the pursuit of "true." The bricks themselves are man-made objects. Only “imitation” can achieve the “true” effect and achieve the goal of “nature”. The "truth" here is "nature." Therefore, the essence of antique brick design is to reproduce "natural" and reproduce the "natural" state.

First, the antique bricks coincide with the Chinese people's aesthetic concept and the naturalistic view of the antique brick to pursue nature, which is in line with the Chinese people's aesthetic concept and natural view. The Chinese people's aesthetic concept has always been in pursuit of a fit with nature, the pursuit of the unity of nature and humanity, and has formed the natural view of our Chinese people. We can feel this from traditional Chinese philosophy, literature and art, and garden art. In China, the term "nature" first appeared in "Laozi": "'Nature' is the Tao, and it is inaction"; by the Han Dynasty, Wang Chong's "Lun Heng" repeatedly talked about "Nature" and created "Nature". natural. The central idea is "Nature, Nature," and "Nature, Inaction." "The way of nature is not or for what it is", and if it is, it is unnatural. The way to emphasize nature has always been like this. The consistent thinking of the book "Lun Heng" is that above nature, there is no ruler of heaven. Heaven is nature, nature is heaven. Nature is natural.
In terms of literature and art, there are "Poetry", "Hsieh poetry is out of the water, and Yan Shiru is the wrong color"; Li Bai's poem "Clear Water Out of Hibiscus, Naturally Carved"; Su Shi's "Naturally Rich, Talented, Don't Wait for Jinpan." And so on, they all think that natural beauty is natural and cannot be achieved by artificial carving. It can be seen that Chinese ancient literature advocates "nature" and opposes artificial "carving."
In the art of painting and calligraphy, there is also "artistic natural law." The Eastern Han Dynasty calligrapher Cai Yong's "Nine Potentials": "The book of Shufu is in the nature, the nature is both established, the yin and yang are born, the yin and yang are born, and the situation is out." Wang Wei's "Landscape": "In the painting, the ink and wash is the most "Look at the nature of nature, make a contribution to the achievements of nature, or just a map of the world, write a thousand miles of scenery." There are also propositions such as "make wonderful nature", "the same with nature's wonderfulness," "concentrate on God's delusions, and realize the naturalness".
The performance and pursuit of nature in traditional Chinese gardens is more typical. Like the Chinese painting art, it is also a "foreign teacher's fortune, and it has a heart source" and pursues "although it is done by human beings, it is just like heaven." The gardening elements of Chinese gardens are based on the appearance of natural forms and not too many artificial carvings. Neither axis symmetry nor any rules can be followed. Instead, it is surrounded by mountains and rivers. It is not only the nature of flowers and trees, but even artificial buildings try to conform to nature and fall apart, trying to integrate with nature. The basic characteristic of Chinese traditional garden design thoughts is "nature." Such words as "If nature is natural," "Miao is in nature," and "Like nature," are found in garden history. The "nature" in garden art is to "have natural principles, gain natural interest", "self-contained natural interest, not annoying labor", "naturally lovable", not "artificial", and "not its The land is strong and its place is strong, not its mountain and its strong mountain." Pursue the natural beauty of "as clear as Hibiscus out of water, natural to decorate".
Chinese traditional ceramics also pursue nature and reproduce nature as the highest artistic realm. The open porcelain of Go Kiln pursues the natural effect of ice cracks; rabbit millet pattern is built; the freckle of Jizhou Kiln pursues the natural texture of animal hair lines and spots; the natural color and texture of jade are pursued by the Longquan Kilns. The kiln's kiln-changing glaze pursues the natural scene of "a mountain cloud, a cloud of haze, a sky full of smoke, stars in the valley, a waterfall in a canyon, and a sunset in the lake." Although these ceramic works of art are all artificially produced and have artificial factors, they appear to be "open from the sky." Embodies the Chinese people's aesthetic concept of "harmony between man and nature." Now, the artistic effects of our natural brick pursuit and display of "natural carvings," "magic creation of nature", and "although there are people who make it, open up from heaven," do not exactly coincide with Chinese aesthetic ideas and natural views!
Second, the design direction and design method of antique tiles

From the above we have reached the conclusion that the essence of antique brick design is to reproduce nature. It can be said that antique tiles are the highest artistic form and aesthetic realm in tile art design. At least in China, antique bricks will be promising and effective, because the pursuit of antique bricks and form performances are in line with Chinese aesthetics. No matter what kind of art form or design method is adopted, rustic bricks are the only goal and pursuit for reproducing nature. That is, "everything will remain unchanged." Therefore, its form and design method are also diverse. It can be said that there is no fixed form and method. In order to discuss and study the design and development of antique bricks, the author now analyzes the art forms and design methods that appear mainly in antique tiles and will emerge in the future.


(1) Design direction and performance of antique tiles In definite terms, all physical or non-material things related to “nature” are objects and contents of the direction and performance of antique brick design. The concept of antique tiles includes: natural, varied, simple, primitive, random, historical, years old, old, former, nostalgic, antique, mottled, vicissitudes of life and so on. We have sorted and summarized these concepts into the following five aspects:
1, Imitate the natural form of matter in the natural world. Naturally occurring substances in nature, such as rocks, trees, and plants, have natural color, texture, texture, and texture. They are the most natural and natural forms of matter, and they are representative of nature. They have no trace of artificial carvings. Is a masterpiece of nature's "uncanny workmanship." So it is the object and design content of the antique brick first imitation.
2, imitation of natural materials. Products such as paper, leather, weaving (straw, wicker, bamboo, rattan), and wooden flooring are made from natural materials. Due to the nature of the material (color, texture, texture, texture), there are also artificially designed shapes, which are objects and contents of imitation bricks.
3, imitation of artificial but more natural form. We have a history of common things in our lives. There are old things like mottled old walls, polished stone steps, old door panels, rusted iron plates and so on. Although these are artificial material forms, in the long-term use, the artificial traces at the beginning have gradually disappeared, and there are more and more “natural” components. Give people a kind and intimate feeling of nostalgia. Is an antique brick imitation of objects and content.
4, artificial artifacts but a long history, artifacts left over from time to time. Such as stone carvings, wood carvings, brick carvings, murals, calligraphy, porcelain, bronze wares, etc. These artificial artifacts have a long history and traces of artifacts. They are old and old from the content to the external forms, and are now the necessary decorative materials for the formation of Chinese-style decoration, classical decoration and traditional style. Therefore, it is also an imitation object and content in antique brick design.
5, create random abstract natural state. The first few "natural" states are images, a specific state of matter and specific products. The creation of random abstract natural states refers to the absence of specific images, specific products as reference objects, completely random, random, accidentally formed, irregular, and abstract natural states. It neither emulates specific objects nor expresses specific content, but only forms a "natural" form. This antique brick represents the language and form of the tile itself.


(II) Design Methods and Production Process of Antique Tiles Antique bricks exhibit a wide range of topics and diverse subject matter. However, in order to adapt to large-scale mechanized production and constraints imposed by equipment and process technology, there must be feasible design laws and design methods. In the following, we will discuss antique brick design methods and specific production processes in combination with the equipment conditions and technical processes currently owned by the company.
1, texture texture design. Regardless of the natural form of the material, or the use of natural materials, recycled products, and artificially produced “natural” material forms, the imitation of material texture is the most important design direction and design method for antique brick design. Texture is one of the most critical elements of texture performance. Texture refers to the physical surface of the material. The color and texture of the material can vary, but the unique texture of the material is the most important and the most significant indicator of visually and tactilely identifying different materials. Like objects that are not imitated, they largely depend on how the texture effect of the material “reappears”.
In the design of antique tiles, the performance of the texture is mainly through the design and production of the mold. In mass production of mechanical tiles, molds are made of steel molds, and steel molds are made of electronic engraving. The images with the texture effect are scanned into the computer and the different depth values ​​of the engraving are set. The computer engraving machine automatically performs engraving with the texture (texture effect) displayed on the image. In addition, there is a commonly used design method to create texture effect is to use the cloth method. The cloth method refers to the use of different raw materials (materials with different compositions) to successively fabricate, mix fabrics, and mix materials with different sizes of raw materials. The addition of organic raw materials (such as sawdust, grain, etc.) to inorganic materials is also a method. During the firing process, organic matters burn and volatilize, leaving irregular bumps and bumps, resulting in texture effects. In addition to the design methods of molds and fabrics, the use of printing, glazing and other processes can also produce texture effects.
2, texture texture design. Texture refers to the surface of the material pattern or texture. Texture is also one of the most important elements of the texture of a material. It is also a sign that distinguishes materials visually and distinguishes them from materials. Sometimes textures and textures appear on the same substance (including products) at the same time; sometimes it only appears on one substance (including products), especially on the surfaces of natural materials such as wood, stone, etc. that have been processed (polished, ground). The main manifestation is the texture.
The design of textures accounts for a large percentage of tile designs. After all, the design of tiles is primarily visual. In antique tiles, the texture design is mainly represented by a printing process. The objects to be imitated are photographed or scanned, retouched and color-separated to form a film, and screen printing plates or roller engraving plates are produced according to production equipment and production processes. In the current antique brick production line, four-color color printing is generally used. This requires that colorful textures be summarized as three or four colors as much as possible. That is, three or four printing plates are used to print the color code, and “reproduction” is copied. The texture of the material's color texture. Due to the limitations of printing conditions, it is difficult to "reproduce" the "natural" state of the material. If you increase the printing screen, too much printing, the strength of the ceramic tile can not support. At present, the company's dry powder, dry glaze multiple "printing" fabric process, is a breakthrough in the production process of antique tiles. It can not only "reproduce" the textured texture of the object to be imitated, but also can produce the antique series tiles with different textures but similar texture effects through multiple sets of screen printing and arbitrary cutting after firing. (It is richer and more variable than textures made by current roll shift printing)
3, Abstract texture texture design. The abstract texture texture design refers to the abstract design based on the laws of the natural texture texture of natural materials and the “natural” phenomenon caused by humans. It neither imitates it nor "reproduces" anything, but uses an abstract design language to texture the surface of the tile. Abstract texture texture design freedom is larger, abstract texture and texture give people more imagination space, application surface, adaptation surface is more extensive.
Abstract texture texture design can be drawn from two aspects and design. First, from the existing texture textures of natural materials and artificial materials, some of the “images” are cut out, that is, cutting parts. The abstract (partial) abstraction of the figurative image. Second, artificial design and manufacture of abstract texture textures. Since there is no concrete image, the abstracted thing can arbitrarily create the texture texture effect with a sense of form and beauty. The manufacturing process used for the abstract texture texture design includes mold processing, cloth processing, printing and glazing. These processes can be used individually or combined and used interchangeably. Among them, the cloth craft and glazing craft are the most varied and most effective ones, and are also the most easily produced abstract methods. And will make each tile surface is not the same, each with its own style and effect. In particular, glazing techniques, such as the use of computer program control, and multi-glazing (or multi-step) random glazing, will produce rich color and texture (including texture) changes.
The above is mainly for the design and process used in mechanized mass production. In addition, the design and production process of hand-made antique tiles are more sophisticated and more effective. We will not repeat them here.

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