1, rough calculation method for floor tiles: Home improvement size data room window paint floor tile
A dumbwaiter is a small
freight elevator or lift intended to carry objects rather than people.
Dumbwaiters found within modern structures, including both commercial, public
and private buildings, are often connected between multiple floors. When
installed in restaurants, schools, kindergartens, hospitals, retirement homes
or in private homes, the lifts generally terminate in a kitchen.
The term seems to have been
popularized in the United States in the 1840s, after the model of earlier
"dumbwaiters" now known as serving trays and lazy Susans. The
mechanical dumbwaiter was invented by George W. Cannon, a New York City
inventor. Cannon first filed for the patent of a brake system (US Patent no.
260776) that could be used for a dumbwaiter on January 6, 1883. Cannon later
filed for the patent on the mechanical dumbwaiter (US Patent No. 361268) on
February 17, 1887.Cannon reportedly generated a vast amount of royalties from
the dumbwaiter patents until his death in 1897.
A simple dumbwaiter is a movable
frame in a shaft, dropped by a rope on a pulley, guided by rails; most
dumbwaiters have a shaft, cart, and capacity smaller than those of passenger
elevators, usually 45 to 450 kg (100 to 1000 lbs.) Before electric
motors were added in the 1920s, dumbwaiters were controlled manually by ropes
on pulleys.
Early 20th-century codes
sometimes required fireproof dumbwaiter walls and self-closing fireproof doors
and mention features such as buttons to control movement between floors and
locks on doors preventing them from opening unless the cart is stopped at that
floor. Dumbwaiter Lifts in London were extremely popular in the houses of the
rich and privileged. Maids would use them to deliver laundry to the laundry
room from different rooms in the house. They negated the need to carry handfuls
of dirty washing through the house, saving time and preventing injury.
A legal complaint about a
Manhattan restaurant's dumbwaiter in 1915, which also mentions that food orders
are shouted up and down the shaft, describes its operation and limitations as
follows:
[There is] ... great play between
the cart of the dumb-waiter and the guides on which it runs, with the result
that the running of the cart is accompanied by a loud noise. The rope which
operates the cart of the dumb-waiter runs in a wheel with a very shallow
groove, so that the rope is liable to and does at times slip off. ... The cart
has no shock absorbers at the top, so that when it strikes the top of the shaft
or wheel there is a loud report. ... [T]he ropes of the dumb-waiter strike such
wall at frequent intervals with a loud report. ... [T]he dumb-waiter is often
negligently operated, by running it faster than necessary, and by letting it go
down with a sudden fall.
More recent dumbwaiters can be
more sophisticated, using electric motors, automatic control systems, and
custom freight containers of other kinds of elevators. Recently constructed
book lifts in libraries and mail or other freight transports in office towers
may be larger than many dumbwaiters in public restaurants and private homes,
supporting loads as heavy as 450 kg (990lbs)
Dumbwaiter Lifts, Service Lifts, Service Lift, Dumb Waiter, Dumbwaiter Lift CEP Elevator Products ( China ) Co., Ltd. , https://www.zjelevatortravelingcable.com
Room floor area ÷ Area of ​​each floor tile × (1+10%) = number of bricks (where 10% means increased loss)
Accurate calculation method:
(Room length ÷ brick length) × (Room width ÷ brick width) = Room with a number of bricks 5 m long and 4m wide, 400mm × 400mm
Take the standard floor tile as an example:
5m÷0.4m=12.5 blocks (take 13 blocks) 4m÷0.4m=10 blocks
13 × 10 blocks = 130 bricks in total.
When purchasing, additional loss of about 3% -5% is required.
2, wallpaper common wallpaper specifications: each roll length 10m, width 0.53m.
Rough calculation method:
Floor area × 3 = Total area of ​​the wallpaper Total area of ​​the wallpaper ÷ (0.53m × 10) = Number of wallpaper rolls Accurate calculation method:
Wallpaper per roll length ÷ Room actual height = number of components used Perimeter of room ÷ Width of wallpaper = Total number of used units Total number of used units åˆ†é‡ Number of used units = Number of used wallpapers Fixed wallpaper specifications Therefore, when calculating its usage, pay attention to the actual length of the wallpaper. Usually, the actual height of the room should be used to subtract the height of the skirting board and the top line. In addition, the door and window area of ​​the room should also be subtracted from the number of components used.
This calculation method is suitable for plain or fine-grained wallpaper. In the collage of wallpapers, the bigger the pattern is, the bigger the pattern is, and the greater the loss, so it is about 10% more than the actual amount.
3, composite floor common specifications: 1.2m × 0.19m
A rough calculation method:
Room floor area ÷ (1.2m × 0.19m) × 105% = exact calculation method for the number of floorboards:
(Room length board length) × (Room width board width) = Number of floorboards Take 5m long and 4m wide as an example:
Room length 5m ÷ 1.2m ≈ 4.17 (block) Take 5 (block)
Room width 4m ÷ 0.19m ≈ 21.05 (block) Take 2l blocks Total plate: 5 × 21 blocks = 105 blocks Composite wood floors often have 3% -5% of the loss in the pavement, if calculated by area, thousands Don't ignore this amount of usage.
4, common specifications of solid wood flooring: 900mm × 90mm × 18mm, 750mm × 90mm × 18mm, 600mm × 90mm × 18mm
A rough calculation method:
The floor area of ​​the room, each floor area × 1.08 = the exact calculation method for using the floor number:
(Room length ÷ Floor length) × (Room width ÷ Floor width) = For a room with a floor length of 5m and a width of 4m, use a 750mm × 90mm × 18mm floor as an example:
Room length 5m ÷ 0.75m ≈ 6.67 (block) Take 7 (block)
Room width 4m ÷ 0.09m ≈ 44.44 (block) Take 45 (block)
The number of wooden floors to be purchased: 7 × 45 blocks = 315 blocks When buying, it is necessary to take into account that 8% of the loss is usually found in solid wood floor coverings.
5, curtains Normal curtains are mostly flat curtain, in the calculation of curtain materials, first of all according to the specifications of the window to determine the size of the finished curtain.
The finished curtain should cover 0.15m to the right and left of the window frame and double folds. When installing curtains to be 15-20cm from the ground.
Calculation method:
(Window width + 0.15m × 2) × 2 = Finished curtain width Finished curtain width ÷ Width × Curtain height = Curtain required cloth Assumption Window specifications: width 1.55m, height 1.90m:
Finished curtain width = (1.55m + 0.15m x 2) x 2 = 3.70m
Curtain height = 0.15m + 1.90m + 0.50m + 0.20m (Burma) = 2.75m
Take the cloth width 1.50m as an example:
Need to buy curtain fabric: 3.70m÷1.50m×2.75m=6.78m
6, the coating of paint packaging is basically divided into 5 liters and 15 liters of two specifications.
Taking the 5 litre capacity commonly used in the family as an example, the theoretical brushing area of ​​5 liters is 35 square meters twice.
A rough calculation method:
Floor area x 2.5÷35=accurate calculation method using the number of barrels:
(Room length + room width) × 2 × room height = wall area (including door and window area) Room length × room width = ceiling area
(wall area + ceiling area - door/window area) ÷35 = The number of barrels used is 5m in length, 4m in width, and 2.7m in height. The brushing area of ​​indoor walls and ceilings is calculated as follows:
Wall area: (5m + 4m) × 2 × 2.7m - 48.6m2 (4.5m2 including doors and windows)
Ceiling area: 5m×4m=20m2
Coating amount: (48.6m2+20m2-4.5m2)÷35 m2/bbl = 1.83 barrels. Actually need to purchase 5 liters of paint 2 barrels, the rest can be used as a backup.
The above is only the theoretical amount of brushing, because in the construction process to add appropriate amount of water, so the above amount is only the minimum amount of brushing.