Introduction to enamel

Ceramic glaze, also known as ceramic glaze, covers a colorless or colored glassy layer on the surface of ceramics.

There are many types of glaze, which can be divided into lime glaze, feldspar glaze, lead glaze, zirconium glaze, boron glaze, lead boron glaze, salt glaze, earth glaze, etc.; according to the appearance, it can be divided into transparent glaze, opaque glaze, color glaze , crystal glaze, gold glaze, matt glaze, broken glaze, etc.; color glaze color is various, there are red, yellow, blue, white, black, blue and so on. Some of the raw materials in the glaze are called frit glaze when the frit is finely ground into a glaze. Those who do not use the frit are raw glaze or raw glaze. According to the melting temperature of the glaze, it can be divided into high temperature glaze (>1250 ° C), medium temperature glaze (1100 ~ 1250 ° C) and low temperature glaze (<1100 ° C).

According to the conductivity, it is divided into ordinary glaze and semiconductor glaze. Glaze pulp is usually made from natural mineral raw materials (such as feldspar, calcite, quartz, talc, kaolin, etc.) and chemical raw materials in a certain proportion and finely ground. The glazing method is generally formed by immersing glaze, spraying glaze, coating, etc., and uniformly covering the glaze with the glaze. The glaze layer can make the surface of the product smooth, impervious to water, and difficult to stain, and has a certain degree of improvement on the mechanical strength, electrical properties, chemical stability and thermal stability of the product. Daily enamel also has strict requirements on the amount of heavy metal lead, cadmium and other harmful elements. In addition to the appearance quality, industrial enamel has strict performance requirements.

Porcelain glaze is one of the main contents of Chinese ancient porcelain identification. The essence of the glaze is continuous glassy attached to the surface of the porcelain tire. Some special glazes are the mixed layers of glass and crystal, and have physical and chemical properties similar to those of glass. There are many types of glazes, and there are different classifications depending on the composition of the raw materials used, the preparation methods, and the specific differences after firing. According to the composition can be divided into: gray glaze, feldspar glaze, lead glaze, boron glaze, lead boron glaze, salt glaze, earth glaze. According to different preparation methods, it can be divided into: raw glaze and frit glaze. According to the firing temperature, the glaze can be divided into two categories: high temperature glaze and low temperature glaze. The limit is 1250 °C. According to the appearance characteristics after firing, it can be divided into: transparent glaze, opaque glaze, colored glaze, colorless glaze, crystal glaze, sand gold glaze, crack glaze, matt glaze. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the lime glaze used in Jingdezhen was made of glaze (natural mineral raw material similar to porcelain stone) and glaze ash (fired with phoenix grass, the main component is calcium carbonate). The chemical composition of lime glaze is the mature temperature of calcium oxide at 1250 ° C. It has the characteristics of good viscosity at high temperature, good adaptability and high hardness.

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