How should China recognize and greet Industry 4.0?

/ December 28, 2023

Abstract Abstract: China, which is in the midst of economic transformation, has a special focus on the concept of “Industry 4.0”. ANBOUND once analyzed that "Industry 4.0" is for China...
Abstract: China, which is in the midst of economic transformation, has a special focus on the concept of “Industry 4.0”. ANBOUND once analyzed that “Industry 4.0” is of great significance to China's development of “World Factory 2.0” and “3.0”. China's industrial upgrading and economic transformation can fully absorb and accommodate the concepts contained in “Industry 4.0”. And ideas, and applied to the second half of industrialization, urbanization and modernization. In December 2014, An Zhenpeng, deputy director of the Department of Electronic Information of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, gave a long speech on “Industry 4.0” in Beijing. From the perspective of policy officials, he talked about the understanding and views of “Industry 4.0” and how China adapts and draws on “Industry”. 4.0”, it has a high reference value to the industry.

According to: China, which is in the midst of economic transformation, has a special focus on the concept of “Industry 4.0”. As the ANBOUND researchers introduced in the November 2014 Strategic Watch, “Industry 4.0” has important implications for China’s development of “World Factory 2.0” and “3.0”, while China’s industrial upgrading and The economic transformation can fully absorb and accommodate the concepts and ideas of “Industry 4.0” and apply it to the latter half of China's industrialization, urbanization and modernization. In December 2014, An Zhenpeng, deputy director of the Department of Electronic Information of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, gave a long speech on “Industry 4.0” in Beijing. From the perspective of policy officials, he talked about the understanding and views of “Industry 4.0” and how China adapts and draws on it. Industry 4.0" has a high reference value to the industry. Although this article has been partially transferred in the network, considering the higher value of related content, we still reprint the content of the speech in full to attract customers. (1) This article is a speech by Mr. An Zhenpeng, deputy director of the Electronic Information Department of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, in Beijing in December 2014. 2 “This year” refers to 2014, “last year” and “next year” refer to 2013 and 2015 respectively. The article keeps relevant statements.)

I am very happy to have the opportunity to share with you the understanding and understanding of German Industry 4.0. At the beginning of 210 this year, during Premier Li Keqiang's visit to Germany, China and Germany signed the "Sino-German Cooperation Action Plan: Building Innovation", proposing that the two countries will carry out digitalization (industrial 4.0) cooperation in industrial production. When Minister Miao Wei talked about the deep integration of German Industry 4.0 and China, he used three key words: such as the same, the same right, and the same way. In other words, the deepening of understanding and understanding of German Industry 4.0 is the deepening of understanding and understanding of China's deep integration strategy. Therefore, it is necessary to do some more in-depth research on the background (why?) of the German Industry 4.0, the basic concepts (what?), our understanding (how to see?) and the implications (how to do?) It will be beneficial to further accelerate the implementation of China's two-in-depth integration strategy. In early October this year, he went to Germany with Minister Miao Wei, and the German Ministry of Economics and Energy, the German Industry 4.0 Initiative Association, the German Information Communication and New Media Association (BITKOM), the Machinery and Equipment Manufacturing Federation (VDMA), and the Electrical and Electronic Manufacturers Association. (ZVEI) and representatives of Volkswagen, Bosch, SAP, Siemens and experts attended the discussion. Combining the current trend of global information technology and manufacturing integration, talk about some of the understanding and feelings of German Industry 4.0, summed up are four basic issues, German Industry 4.0: Why? What is it? How to see? How to do it? This is an internal seminar. I will talk about my own personal experience and do not represent any organization. If you are not correct, please criticize and correct.

First, why is Industry 4.0?

At the 2011 Hannover Messe in Germany, the German Association proposed the preliminary concept of Industry 4.0. Since then, the German Machinery and Equipment Manufacturing Association and other associations have taken the lead. Experts from enterprises, governments and research institutes have established the “Industry 4.0 Working Group” to further strengthen Industry 4.0. The research also reported to the German government. In 2013, the industry 4.0 standardization roadmap was published. The industry 4.0 platform (Platform-i4.0), which was organized by associations and enterprises, was established. The German government also included Industry 4.0 as a high-tech strategy. In 2020, Industry 4.0 officially became a national strategy. At present, Germany is planning to formulate relevant laws to promote Industry 4.0, and to upgrade Industry 4.0 from an industrial policy to national law. In a short period of time, German Industry 4.0 received wide recognition from parties, governments, enterprises, associations, and institutions, and reached a consensus. The rapid evolution of the national industrial strategy from a private concept is rising from an industrial policy to National law. Industry 4.0 has been widely recognized in Germany in such a short period of time, and it has its contingency and inevitability. This understanding comes from Germany’s long-standing use of industry as the cornerstone of the national economy, and the revolutionary impact of information and communication technology on industry. From the new round of scientific and technological revolution, concerns about the status of German industry. To sum it up, it is mainly due to three kinds of consciousness: crisis consciousness, opportunity consciousness and leading consciousness.

(1) Crisis awareness

Germany is a traditional technology and industrial power. However, in the new round of industrial technology revolution, the traditional competitive advantage has been challenged by various aspects. Some emerging industries have been weak, and all walks of life have expressed some concerns about the future development of Germany.

First, concerns about the innovation capabilities of emerging industries. Information and communication technology is the most dynamic technology in the new round of industrial transformation in the world. The consensus of all circles in Germany is that Germany and even Europe have lost opportunities for the development of the global information and communication industry. In the world's most active Internet industry, there are no European companies among the 20 largest Internet companies in the world. The European Internet market is basically monopolized by US companies. German Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Economy and Energy Gabriel once said that German companies have data. It is the four major technologies controlled by Silicon Valley in the United States, which is exactly what he is worried about. The global communications industry is booming, but European companies are losing ground, and only a few companies are struggling. European integrated circuit companies have transformed their design companies and are constantly withdrawing from the consumer market. Currently, the US Internet and ICT giants are working with traditional manufacturing leaders. More than 80 companies including GE, Cisco, IBM, AT&T, and Intel have established industrial Internet alliances to redefine the future of manufacturing, and in technology, standards, and industry. The company has made a series of forward-looking layouts, and the Industrial Internet has become one of the important tasks of the US Advanced Manufacturing Partner Program. Europe and Germany have expressed deep concern about the innovative capabilities of emerging industries and their future development prospects.

The second is the anxiety about the competitive advantages of traditional industries. The competitive advantage of German traditional industry in the world is still very prominent, but in the context of the accelerated integration of the new generation of information technology and industry, the pace of intelligentization of products, equipment, processes and services, Germany can keep up with the trend of the times, Germany All walks of life have a profound sense of crisis. German Chancellor Angela Merkel also pointed out that 90% of innovations are currently generated outside Europe, and Europe cannot miss the next generation of industrial technology changes. At the same time, Merkel expressed concern about whether Germany's manufacturing industry can timely connect with modern information and communication technologies and guarantee the leading position of German manufacturing industry in the world. The German business community paid full attention to the re-industrialization of the United States and the development of China's manufacturing industry. On June 24, 2014, the chairman of the German Machinery Association (VDMA) said in Japan that Germany and Japan should jointly meet the challenges of China. The Minister of Industry 4.0 of the German Information Technology, Communications and New Media Association once said that not only does Asia pose a competitive threat to German industry, the United States is responding to “de-industrialization” through various programs to accelerate the development of advanced manufacturing.

The third is the worry about the direction of the national industry strategy. After the international financial crisis in 2008, the breakthrough of the new generation of information technology and the development of industrial integration led to the extensive discussion of the development concepts and development models of the third industrial revolution, energy Internet, industrial Internet, and digital manufacturing. Thinking. The United States, the European Union, Japan, South Korea, etc. have formulated a series of planning and action plans to implement the manufacturing return strategy. This not only reflects the profound reflection of the traditional development concept of the manufacturing industry in developed countries, but also reflects its intention and determination to seize the new round of international commanding heights. As a global manufacturing powerhouse, Germany can find industrial development direction and lead global industrial development in a new round of technological changes. It is a wide-ranging concern of all walks of life in Germany.

(2) Awareness of opportunity

In the exchanges with the participants of the German Industry 4.0, we can deeply understand that although the German community has expressed concern about the unsatisfactory development of some industries, it still shows strong confidence in the competitiveness of the traditional German advantageous industries. I believe that the German industrial economy faces many opportunities.

First, market opportunities. An important change brought about by the convergence of information and communication technology and manufacturing industry is the advent of the era of intelligent manufacturing. Cloud computing, big data, artificial intelligence, machine learning, etc. drive human intelligence to a higher level and promote the intelligence of human production tools. And modernization, while cheap physical labor is constantly being replaced by machines, more and more mental workers are being replaced by smart tools, and human beings are moving into the second machine era, which will bring about industrial changes and employment structure impact. Beyond the industrial history of the past 300 years. Based on the new generation of intelligent equipment production organization will be widely used, from the popularization of stand-alone intelligence to the popularization of intelligent production lines, intelligent workshops, smart factories, behind it is a huge, fast-growing smart equipment market. The German community has been exploring ways to capture the fast-growing market.

The second is technical opportunities. Intelligent manufacturing not only requires a single technological breakthrough, but also a comprehensive integration of various technologies, and this is the advantage of Germany. In the face of the global convergence of information technology and manufacturing technology, Germany has ushered in the opportunity to consolidate and strengthen its technological advantages. Specifically, the first is the advantage of industrial software. Industrial software is the core and foundation of intelligent equipment. German enterprise resource management (ERP), manufacturing execution system (MES), product lifecycle management (PLM), programmable logic controller (PLC) and other core industrial software are leading the world. . The second is the advantage of industrial electronics. Industrial electronics integrated with sensing, computing and communication is the core of intelligent equipment. This is also the advantage area of ​​Germany. A group of German companies are leading the world in the fields of automotive electronics, mechanical electronics, machine tool electronics and medical electronics. The third is the manufacturing technology advantage. The core technologies of basic materials, basic processes, basic equipment and basic components of German industry have always been in the leading position in the world. Machinery exports account for 16% of the world, ranking first in the world, and its research, development and production in the field of innovative manufacturing technology. And the leadership of complex industrial process management is unmatched. The combination of traditional manufacturing technology with industrial software and industrial electronic technology has brought rare opportunities for Germany to seize the commanding heights of smart equipment competition.

The third is industrial opportunities. The equipment manufacturing industry is Germany's most advantageous industry. Facing the opportunities brought by global intelligent manufacturing, the consensus of all walks of life in Germany is to grasp the trend of integration of information and communication technology and equipment manufacturing industry, aiming at the global fast-growing smart factory equipment market. Ensuring that German companies are “leading suppliers” in the global smart manufacturing industry. For Germany, this market is both potential and realistic. No country has more conditions and advantages than Germany to develop smart manufacturing. According to a survey by German associations, 60% of German machinery manufacturers are convinced that their technological and product competitive advantages will improve in the next five years. As Germany said, Europe and Germany have lost the opportunity of the Internet, but they cannot lose the opportunity of the Internet of Things. The main battlefield of Internet of Things applications is the industrial field. Germany can not only seize the opportunity to lead the trend in the technological transformation of the Internet of Things.

(3) Leading consciousness

In the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation, the Germans have a sense of crisis, they also see new opportunities, and try to maintain their leading position in the industrial field. The basic way is to pre-empt the process of industrialization 4.0. The world's manufacturing powers compete for the right to speak in the new technological industry revolution and seize the commanding heights of industrial development. Specifically, it is to achieve five leads:

First, the concept is leading. There is never a shortage of new concepts and concepts in the field of information technology, but there are only a handful of development ideas that can be widely recognized and rapidly disseminated. New generation information technologies such as the Internet of Things, mobile internet, cloud computing, and big data are widely popularized and promote the transformation of production methods. When countries have proposed new ideas for the development of manufacturing industries such as digital manufacturing, industrial Internet, and energy Internet, Germany is a European tradition. The industrial powers need a new concept that can inherit the traditional industrial development ideas and inspire future industrial trends, seize the commanding heights of the development concept, and lead the German industry to maintain its global leadership. It is in this context that the concept of German Industry 4.0 emerged. The greatest success of this concept lies in its perfect integration of hundreds of years of industrial development history with modern information technology trends. It is inherited and innovative. The unity of unity, theory and popularization, the unity of seriousness and fashion, the speed, breadth and depth of its dissemination exceeds the expectations of the Germans.

The second is technology leadership. At present, the pace of information technology innovation is accelerating, and it is entering a new stage of ubiquity, intelligence and integration. From computing, transmission to processing, from perception, sensing to intelligence, ubiquitous connectivity and pervasive computing are ubiquitous. Cloud computing, big data, artificial intelligence, machine learning, etc. drive human intelligence to a higher level, virtualization technology, 3D Technologies such as printing, industrial internet, and big data will reconstruct the manufacturing technology system. Germany proposes "Industry 4.0", its purpose is to support the research and development and innovation of a new generation of revolutionary technology in the industrial field, and vigorously promote the application of Internet of Things and Internet technology in the manufacturing field, so as to cope with the challenges brought by the new round of scientific and technological revolution. In this way, we will seize the commanding heights of technology in the development of information technology and industry.

The third is industry leadership. Under the influence of a new round of scientific and technological revolution, a new global industrial division of labor system and division of labor are taking shape. Intelligent factories and intelligent manufacturing models based on information physics systems (CPS) are leading the transformation of manufacturing methods, global R&D, manufacturing, and manufacturing. Accelerated restructuring of resource allocation systems such as service transactions, network crowdsourcing, off-site collaborative design, large-scale personalized customization, and precise supply chain management are building new competitive advantages for enterprises, full lifecycle management, total integration general contracting, internet finance, and electronics. Business and other accelerated restructuring of the new industrial value chain system. Germany proposed "Industry 4.0" to rebuild global production methods under the support of intelligent production systems. German Industry Information Technology, Communications, New Media Association Industry 4.0 Minister said that the core architecture of German traditional industry and its international superiority, can combine with ICT technology and reform the traditional German industry, Germany hopes in a new round of industrial technology The main role of the revolutionary wave.

Fourth, the standard is leading. Product intelligence, equipment intelligence, production intelligence, management intelligence and service intelligence, urgently require equipment, products, equipment and people, as well as the entire process between enterprises, products, users, All-round, real-time interconnection and interoperability, real-time, accurate exchange, identification, processing, and maintenance of data information, and high degree of synergy in R&D, production, management, and service put forward new requirements for the standardization of intelligent manufacturing, which must be Implementing many technical standards, service standards, management standards and safety standards, the standard system for intelligent manufacturing is a commanding height for global industry competition. Germany has taken the lead and formulated the “Industrial 4.0” Standard Roadmap to seize The commanding heights of the "Industry 4.0" standardization field.

Fifth, the market is leading. Consolidating and expanding the advantages of the global market is the fundamental starting point of German Industry 4.0, and it is also the consensus of all walks of life. In the “Industry 4.0” strategy, Germany adopted a dual strategy of “leading supplier strategy” and “leading market strategy” to unlock market potential. “Leading Supplier Strategy” emphasizes that German equipment manufacturing suppliers will continue to provide world-leading technology solutions through technological innovation and integration, and become the world's leading developer and manufacturer of “Industry 4.0” products; The "Market Strategy" emphasizes the cultivation of German domestic manufacturing as a leading market, and is the first to accelerate the implementation of "Industry 4.0" and the deployment of Information Physical Network System (CPS) in German domestic manufacturing enterprises, and further expand the German equipment manufacturing industry.

Second, what is Industry 4.0?

Different from the international community's statement about the third industrial revolution, German academics and industry believe that the first three industrial revolutions occurred from mechanization, electricity and information technology. They introduced the 18th century mechanical manufacturing equipment as Industry 1.0, the electrification in the early 20th century to 2.0, and the production process automation in the 1970s as 3.0, while the Internet of Things and manufacturing services ushered in smart manufacturing. The leading fourth industrial revolution, or the revolutionary production method, is "Industry 4.0." The German “Industry 4.0” strategy aims to promote the transformation of manufacturing to intelligence by leveraging the combination of information and communication technologies and information physics systems (CPS). Mainly in the following aspects:

(1) Industry 4.0 is interconnected

Experts from Siemens, Bosch and ThyssenKrupp mentioned in the exchange that the core of Industry 4.0 is the connection, which is to closely connect equipment, production lines, factories, suppliers, products and customers. "Industry 4.0" adapts to the development trend of the Internet of Everything, and forms an intelligent network through the information physical system (CPS) by ubiquitous sensors, embedded terminal systems, intelligent control systems and communication facilities, so that between products and production equipment, The interconnection between different production devices and between the digital world and the physical world enables machines, work components, systems, and humans to continuously maintain the exchange of digital information over the network.

- interconnection between production equipment. An important sign from the industrial 2.0 to the industrial 3.0 era is the widespread adoption of stand-alone smart devices. The Industry 4.0 working group used the first programmable logic controller Modicon084 in 1969 as the starting point of Industry 3.0. The core of it is the promotion of various CNC machine tools and industrial robot automation equipment in the production process. We can understand it as a stand-alone device. The level of intelligence is constantly improving and widely popularized. The core of Industry 4.0 is the interconnection of single-machine intelligent devices. The interconnection of different types and functions of intelligent stand-alone devices constitutes an intelligent production line. The interconnection between different intelligent production lines constitutes an intelligent workshop. The interconnection of intelligent workshops constitutes a smart factory, different regions, industries, enterprises. The interconnection of smart factories constitutes a ubiquitous intelligent manufacturing system. These stand-alone intelligent devices, intelligent production lines, intelligent workshops and smart factories can be combined freely and dynamically to meet changing manufacturing needs. This is the difference between Industrial 4.0 and An important feature of Industry 3.0.

- The interconnection of equipment and products. As German Chancellor Angela Merkel said at the Hannover Fair 2014, Industry 4.0 means that smart factories can operate on their own, parts and machines can communicate. Because of the communication between the product and the production equipment, the product understands the details of the manufacturing and how it will be used. At the same time, they can assist the production process by answering questions such as "When was I made?", "Which set of parameters should be used to handle me", "Where should I be sent to?"

- the interconnection of virtual and reality. The Information Physics System (CPS) is the core of Industry 4.0. It connects the physical devices to the Internet, and allows the physical devices to have five functions of computing, communication, control, remote coordination and autonomy, thus realizing the virtual network world and the real physical world. Fusion. The Information Physics System (CPS) can connect resources, information, objects and people to create the Internet of Things and related services, and transform the production plant into an intelligent environment, which is the basis for the coordinated interaction of equipment, products and people. The core of intelligent manufacturing is to realize the synergy between machine intelligence and human intelligence to realize self-perception, self-diagnosis, self-decision, self-repair of production process.

- Internet of Everything (IOE). The ultimate goal of information technology development is to achieve ubiquitous connectivity, and all products will become a network terminal. The Internet of Everything is the connection of people, things, data and programs through the Internet to realize the interconnection between all people and people, people and things, and things and things in human society, and to reconstruct the production tools, production methods and life scenes of the whole society. People can connect to the Internet through social networks in a variety of ways. All kinds of artifacts based on perception, transmission and processing will become the terminals of the network. People, things and data will be reengineered in the network environment, based on physical world perception and crowd interaction. Online, real-time data and intelligent processing change our response to the outside world.

(2) Industry 4.0 is integrated

"Industry 4.0" will ubiquitous sensors, embedded terminal systems, intelligent control systems, and communication facilities form an intelligent network through CPS, enabling people, people and machines, machines and machines, and services and services to be interconnected. This results in a high degree of integration in the horizontal, vertical and end-to-end. Integration is the key word of German Industry 4.0, and it is also the key word for China to promote the integration of two industries for a long time. In the two-integration evaluation system, the two-in-one integration is divided into four stages: the initial stage, the single application stage, the comprehensive integration stage, and the collaborative innovation stage. The comprehensive integration is an important indicator of the integration of informationization and industrialization. The main emphasis is on horizontal integration between enterprises and vertical integration within the enterprise, while German Industry 4.0 adds end-to-end integration.

- Vertical integration. Vertical integration is not a new topic. It is often accompanied by the development of information technology and industrial integration. In other words, the milestone of enterprise informationization in the development stage of various departments is the integration of internal information flow, capital flow and logistics. Which level, which link, and which level is the integration of production links (such as R&D design internal information integration), cross-link integration (such as integration of R&D design and manufacturing), or product life cycle (such as product development, design, planning, process to production, information integration of the entire life cycle of services). What Industry 4.0 is pursuing is to achieve seamless links of all links within the enterprise, which is the basis of all intelligence.

- Horizontal integration. Driven by market competition traction and information technology innovation, every enterprise is pursuing the production of information flow, capital flow, logistics seamless links and organic synergy. In the past, this goal was mainly concentrated within the enterprise, but now this It is far from enough. Enterprises must achieve new goals: from information integration within the enterprise to information integration in the industry chain, from the internal collaborative R&D system to the R&D network between enterprises, from the internal supply chain management and the coordinated supply between enterprises. Chain management, from the internal value chain reconstruction to the value chain reconstruction between enterprises. Horizontal integration is a kind of resource integration between enterprises through value chain and information network. It provides real-time products and services for seamless cooperation among enterprises, and promotes inter-enterprise research and production, sales management, production management and production control. Seamless integration and integrated integration with the entire financial process to achieve information sharing and business collaboration among different enterprises in product development, manufacturing, and operation management.

- End-to-end integration. In a sense, end-to-end integration is a new concept, and there is a different understanding of end-to-end integration. The so-called end-to-end is the value chain creation around the whole life cycle of the product. Through the integration of different enterprise resources in the value chain, the management and service of the product life cycle from product design, manufacturing, logistics distribution, use and maintenance are realized. Product value chain creates integrated suppliers (Level 1, Level 2, Level 3...), manufacturers (R&D, design, processing, distribution), distributors (Level 1, Level 2, Level 3...) and customer information flow , logistics and capital flow, while providing customers with more valuable products and services, refactoring the value system of all links in the industry chain.

(3) Industry 4.0 is data

Experts from the German Machinery and Equipment Manufacturing Association and SAP all raised the point that the core of Industry 4.0 is data. Coman, senior vice president of SAP, said that enterprise data analysis is like a rearview mirror of a car. There is no sense of security when driving without a rearview mirror, but more importantly, the front windshield of the car—precise analysis of real-time data. From the perspective of the evolution of industry 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, this understanding is not unreasonable, and the data is different from the essential characteristics of traditional industrial production systems. In the "Industry 4.0" era, the data of manufacturing companies will show explosive growth. With the promotion of information physics systems (CPS), the popularity of smart devices and terminals, and the use of a wide variety of sensors, ubiquitous perception and ubiquitous connectivity, all production equipment, sensing devices, and networking terminals, including Producers themselves are constantly generating data that will permeate the entire life cycle of business operations, value chains and even products, and is the cornerstone of Industry 4.0 and the manufacturing revolution.

--product data. Including design, modeling, process, processing, testing, maintenance, product structure, component configuration relationships, change records and other data. The various data of the product is recorded, transmitted, processed and processed, making full lifecycle management of the product possible and providing conditions for meeting individual product requirements. First, external devices will no longer be the primary means of recording product data. Sensors embedded in the product will capture more, real-time product data, enabling product management to go through demand, design, production, sales, and after-sales to elimination. The entire life course of retirement. Secondly, the interaction and transaction between enterprises and consumers will also generate a large amount of data, mining and analyzing these data, which can help consumers participate in product demand analysis and product design, flexible processing and other innovative activities.

- Operational data. Including organizational structure, business management, production equipment, marketing, quality control, production, procurement, inventory, target planning, e-commerce and other data. The ubiquitous sensing and connection of industrial production processes brings ubiquitous data that innovates the way companies develop, produce, operate, market and manage. First, the data of the production line and production equipment can be used to monitor the equipment itself in real time, and the data generated by the production is fed back into the production process, which optimizes industrial control and management. Secondly, through data collection and analysis on the supply chain links such as procurement, warehousing, sales, distribution, etc., it will bring about a significant increase in efficiency and a significant cost reduction, and will greatly reduce inventory, improve and optimize the supply chain. Thirdly, with the changes in sales data and supplier data, we can dynamically adjust the pace and scale of optimizing production and inventory. In addition, real-time-aware energy management systems enable continuous optimization of energy efficiency in real-time during production.

- Value chain data. Includes data from customers, suppliers, partners, and more. In order to compete in the current global economic environment, enterprises need to fully understand the competitive factors of technology development, production operations, procurement and sales, services, internal and external logistics. The development and application of big data technology enables data and information in all aspects of the value chain to be analyzed and mined in depth, providing a new perspective for business managers and participants to look at the value chain, giving companies the opportunity to add more value to the value chain. The link translates into a strategic advantage for the company. For example, auto companies big data predict in advance who will buy a particular model of car, resulting in a target customer response rate increased by 15% to 20%, and customer loyalty increased by 7%.

- External data. Including economic operations, industry, markets, competitors and other data. In order to cope with the risks brought about by changes in the external environment, companies must fully grasp the development status of the external environment to enhance their resilience. Big data analysis technology has been widely used in macroeconomic analysis and industry market research, and has become an important means for enterprises to improve management decision-making and market resilience. A small number of leading companies have already provided employees with information, skills and tools, including executives to marketing and even shop floor workers, to guide employees to make better and more timely decisions at “points of influence”.

(4) Industry 4.0 is innovation

The implementation process of “Industry 4.0” is actually the process of manufacturing innovation and development, and innovations in manufacturing technologies, products, models, formats, and organizations will emerge in an endless stream.

- Technological innovation. The technological innovation of Industry 4.0 in the future will be carried out on three tracks. First, new sensors, integrated circuits, artificial intelligence, mobile internet, big data will continue to evolve in the information technology innovation system, and technology will be laid for the continuous integration of new technologies in other industries. basis. Second, traditional industries continue to optimize innovation processes, innovative tools and innovation models in an information-based innovation environment, and continue to evolve on existing technology routes. The third is the integration and development of traditional industry and information technology. It includes a series of integrated integration technologies such as information physical space (CPS) and smart factory overall solutions, as well as various embedded systems, virtual manufacturing and industrial integration of industrial hardware and software. Breakthrough with a single technology such as electronics.

--Product Innovation. Information and communication technologies are continuously integrated into industrial equipment, promoting the development of industrial products in the direction of digitalization and intelligence, and continuously optimizing and upgrading the product structure. On the one hand, the pace of intelligent innovation in traditional cars, ships and homes is accelerating. For example, the automobile is entering a new era of “comprehensive perception + reliable communication + intelligent driving”, and the era of Internet of Everything (IOE) is coming. On the other hand, the development of manufacturing equipment from stand-alone intelligent to intelligent production lines, intelligent workshops to smart factories, providing factory-level systemized, integrated, and complete sets of production equipment has become an important direction for product innovation.

- Model innovation. "Industry 4.0" will develop a new production model and business model. First of all, at the level of production mode, “Industry 4.0” poses a new challenge to traditional industries, and requires a change from the “human brain analysis and judgment + machine manufacturing” method to the “machine analysis judgment + machine manufacturing” method. The intelligent factory and intelligent manufacturing model of the Information Physics System (CPS) is leading the transformation of manufacturing methods. Secondly, at the level of business model, “Industry 4.0” “networked manufacturing”, “self-organized and adaptable logistics” and “integrated customer manufacturing engineering” also make it pursue new business models to take the lead in meeting dynamics. Commercial networks, rather than individual companies, new intelligent manufacturing models such as network crowdsourcing, off-site collaborative design, large-scale personalized customization, and precise supply chain management will accelerate the construction of new competitive advantages in the industry.

- Business innovation. With the upgrading of technology and other applications, new activities and new activities derived from the existing industrial fields will develop into new formats. Further, under the influence of new market demand, major changes will be triggered. industry. For the time being, industrial cloud services, industrial big data applications, and Internet of Things applications are likely to create or spawn new industries and new economic growth points. The trend of integration of manufacturing and service has enabled the whole lifecycle management, total integration general contracting, internet finance, e-commerce, etc. to accelerate the reconstruction of the new industrial value chain system.

- Organizational innovation. In the era of Industry 4.0, many enterprises will use information technology and modern management concepts to carry out business process reorganization and enterprise organization reengineering. The existing organizational system will be changed, and an organizational model that meets the requirements of intelligent manufacturing will emerge. Intelligent factories based on information physics systems (CPS) will accelerate the popularization and further promote the optimization and reengineering of business processes. Enterprise organization management innovation is also an important part of the two-in-one integration management system standard. It is involved in the nine principles, four core elements and four management domains of the two-integrated management system. How to obtain sustainable competitive advantages around the enterprise , continuously optimize the business process and organizational structure of the enterprise. From a practical point of view, domestic enterprises have made a lot of positive explorations in organizational innovation. Haier Zhang Ruimin proposed new management concepts such as enterprise borderless, organization without leadership, and supply chain without center. Huawei Ren Zhengfei proposed that the people who heard the gunfire command the battle. The basic unit of combat should be reduced from the division level to the brigade, regiment, battalion, company, and to the class. The future war is the "squad leader's war."

(5) Industry 4.0 is transformation

在“工业4.0”时代，物联网和（服）务联网将渗透到工业的各个环节，形成高度灵活、个性化、智能化的产品与服务的生产模式，推动生产方式向大规模定制、服务型制造、创新驱动转变。

——从大规模生产向个性化定制转型。“工业4.0”给生产过程带来了极大的自由度与灵活性，通过在设计、供应链、制造、物流、服务等各个环节植入用户参与界面，新的生产体系能够实现每个客户、每个产品进行不同设计、零部件采购、安排生产计划、实施制造加工、物流配送，极端情况下可以实现个性化的单件制造，问题的关键是，设计、制造、配送单件产品是盈利的。在这一过程中，用户由部分参与向全程参与转变，用户不仅出现在生产流程的两端，而且广泛、实时参与生产和价值创造的全过程。实现真正的个性化定制将是一个漫长而艰辛的过程，这一进程只有起点没有终点。这次去德国考察工业4.0，德国相关机构提供了几个可供参观的工业4.0典型企业，其中一家企业的材料给我留下了深刻的影响，它介绍说工业4.0帮助企业建立了极多品种的极少量生产模式，这是我们后来考虑去这家企业参观学习的重要原因。

——从生产型制造向服务型制造转型。服务型制造是工业4.0理念中工业未来转型的重要方向，越来越多的制造型企业围绕产品全生命周期的各个环节不断融入能够带来市场价值的增值服务，以此实现从传统的提供制造业产品向提供融入了大量服务要素的产品与服务组合转变。事实上，在德国工业4.0概念提出之前，服务型制造的理念已得到广泛认同。关于制造业服务化，我之前曾出版了一本专著《制造业服务路线图：机理、模式与选择》，提出服务型制造的四种基本模式。围绕增强产品效能，拓展在线维护、个性化设计等服务，围绕提高产品交易便捷性，拓展融资租赁、现代物流和电子商务等服务，围绕提高产品线效能，提供专业化产品集成服务，围绕客户全方位需求，实现从基于产品的服务到基于需求的服务。在与德国三个大协会以及西门子、博世、蒂森克虏伯等企业交流时，他们都从不同角度提出，推动制造业服务化转型是工业4.0的核心理念。——从要素驱动向创新驱动转型。以廉价劳动力、大规模资本投入的传统要素驱动发展模式将难以为继，移动互联网、云计算、物联网、大数据等新一代信息技术在制造业的集成应用，带来产业链协同开放创新，带来了用户参与式创新，带来了制造业技术、产品、工艺、服务的全方位创新，不断催生和孕育出新技术、新业态和新模式，从而激发整个社会的创新创业激情，加快从传统的要素驱动向创新驱动转型。

小结：工业4.0的本质是提升企业、行业、国家的竞争优势

最后，如果要对工业4.0是什么做一个小结的话，我想说，工业4.0是一个发展的概念、是一个动态的概念，工业4.0是一个理解未来信息技术与工业融合发展的多棱镜，站在不同的角度会有不同的理解，工业4.0是互联，是集成，是数据，是创新，是服务，是转型；工业4.0是CPS，是智能工厂，是智能制造；工业4.0是国家战略，是企业行为。但从根本上来讲，“工业4.0”是一种在信息技术发展到新阶段产生的新的工业发展模式。从终极目标来看，工业4.0不能为技术而技术，核心在于提高企业、行业乃至国家的整体竞争力。从企业来看，通过“工业4.0”可以实现劳动生产率大幅提高，产品创新速度加快，满足个性化需求，减少能耗，提高产品质量和附加值，显著增强企业核心竞争力；从行业来看，通过“工业4.0”可以大幅建立起高度协作的创新服务体系，提高整个行业的资源配置和运行效率；从政府来看，通过“工业4.0”进一步巩固德国制造业优势，抢占新一轮产业竞争的制高点。

三、如何看待和理解工业4.0？

面对新一代信息技术与制造业融合发展趋势，各国提出了一系列新概念、新战略、新举措，如产业互联网、工业4.0、数字化制造等，客观来讲，这些概念伴随着技术持续创新、应用广泛普及、实践不断积累、理论不断丰富，认识也在不断深化。从这个意义上来说，人们对工业4.0的内涵、目标、特征、路径认识也是一个不断深化的过程。当前，理性客观分析研究工业4.0概念的形成演化、政策演变、组织方式、实施路径和战略重点，有利于我们在实施中国两化深度融合的战略中，找到突破点，明确切入点，抢占竞争的制高点。这要求我们在认识和看待工业4.0的时候，既不能仰视，过分夸大其意义和作用，也不能俯视、轻视，认为其是商业炒作、新瓶装旧酒。我们应当正视，理性客观分析其战略意图、核心理念和路径方法。从中国把握新一轮技术革命与产业变革的机遇，实现工业由大变强的历史性跨越的角度来认识工业4.0，我觉得有几个角度可以供大家参考。

（一）工业4.0与两化深度融合：如出一辙、异曲同工、殊途同归

今年10月初苗圩部长与德国工业4.0发起协会和企业座谈交流时说，德国工业4.0战略与中国的信息化和工业化深度融合战略在核心理念、主要内容和具体做法等诸多方面殊途同归。今年11月8号，苗圩部长在接受人民日报专访时说，我国提出的两化深度融合战略与德国提出的工业4.0战略如出一辙、异曲同工。尽管中德两化工业化阶段不同、企业水平不同、技术基础不同、主导产业不同、运行机制不同，但面对新一轮产业技术革命的趋势，有相同的危机感和紧迫感，都认识到了发展的机遇和挑战，都有举全国之力抢占新一轮产业竞争制高点的战略意图，两国的战略在核心理念、发展重点、方法路径等方面也比较相似。具体来讲，

——在核心理念方面。剥开工业4.0、产业互联网以及两化深度融合等这些新概念的外壳，我们可以看到不同国家应对新一轮产业技术变革的理念和战略布局的差异性，但其最根本的内核是一致的，就像我刚才讲的，工业4.0是互联，是集成，是数据，是创新，是服务，是转型，而这些理念也是推进两化深度融合所秉持的核心理念。时间关系，我只说一点：集成。德国工业4.0提出三个集成，纵向集成、横向集成、端到端集成。在推进两化深度融合实践中，业界普遍的共识是，两化融合的重点在集成、难点在集成、要取得显著成效也在集成。我们曾提出一个新概念：企业信息化集成应用困境，也提出要把引导企业向集成应用跨越作为当前推进两化深度融合的着力点和突破点。在集成这一点上，中德的认识是一致的。时间关系，其它理念认识的一致性我就不讲了。

——在实施路径方面。近年来，各地在推进两化融合方面做了很多探索，如果我们认真分析观察具体路径和重点，可以看到中国的两化融合与德国工业4.0的相似之处。浙江结合自己的实践在两化融合工作中提出了六个“换”的思路：产品换代（实现产品的智能化升级）、机器换人（制造设备的智能化、自动化、网络化）、制造换法（车间级的设备互联、企业级设备互联的智能工厂）、电商换市（以电子商务拓展新的市场）、商务换型（云制造、服务型制造等新的商业模式）、管理换脑（发挥云计算、大数据在企业管理决策等方面的作用），浙江几年前就提出推进工厂设备的互联网，提出“机联网”与“厂联网”等一些新概念，这些年来源自于基层实践经验提炼的概念听起来有点土，但思路清晰、方向明确，其本质上与德国工业4.0所强调的智能车间、智能工厂、个性定制、数据驱动、服务化转型等发展路径是一致的。

——在企业实践方面。提升企业核心竞争力是所有产业战略规划的出发点和落脚点，对中国如此，对德国也是如此。西门子、博世、SAP等从各自的角度提出一些能够体现工业4.0特征的示范工厂和企业，其在企业管理、业务模式和生产方式等方面开展一系列创新，这既是德国工业4.0的方向，也是中国两化融合的方向。事实上，国内企业在这些方面也做了一些积极探索，家电、服装、家具等行业正形成以大规模个性化定制为主导的新型生产方式，青岛红领、维尚家具、小米科技等一批创新型企业通过建立新的生产模式实现了逆势增长。工程机械、电力设备、风机制造等行业服务型制造业务快速发展，陕鼓、徐工、中联等企业全生命周期服务、总集成总承包服务日益成为企业利润的重要来源。汽车、钢铁、石化等行业企业间的协同供应链管理水平的不断提高，宝钢与供应商之间建立了供应商早期介入（EVI）和及时生产（JIT）体系。这些企业转型的方向就是工业4.0所倡导的方向。

中国两化深度融合与德国工业4.0如出一辙、异曲同工、殊途同归，主要是从目标、理念、路径、方法的角度来看，事实上，中国企业整体的信息化与德国还是有比较大的差距。德国工业企业整体上处于工业3.0阶段，而中国企业整体上处于2.0阶段，中国面临更加复杂而艰巨的任务，面临两步并作一步走的挑战。我们也要看到自己的优势，尤其是不要低估了中国的互联网企业在这一轮产业变革中的引领作用。习近平总书记在给2014年11月19日召开的世界互联网大会贺词中说，互联网日益成为创新驱动发展的先导力量。李克强总理在会见大会中外代表时说，互联网是大众创业、万众创新的新工具。如果说企业信息化是企业在学游泳的话，那么诞生在互联网的电子商务企业天生就长着“腮”，不需要有教练教他们用什么姿势游泳。他们每天都在实践着专家们PPT上的所谓互联网思维、信息化战略、工业4.0理念，淘宝上的店小二们五年前就从传统的B2C、C2C向大规模个性化定制的C2B转型，电子商务正在从传统的交易平台向研发设计平台、生产加工平台、物流配送平台、金融融资平台拓展和转型，品牌化个性化定制已成为淘宝网上家具、服装等产品销售的重要模式。在这方面中国已经走出一条不同欧美国家的新路，这些业务转型的方向，也是工业4.0所倡导的方向。

（二）工业4.0：德国制造的新品牌、新名片

当我们提到硅谷时，我们自然会联想到全球IT产业创业创新基地。当我们提到德国时，我们会联想到高可靠、高精密、高质量、高安全的德国工业产品，德国制造作为一种品牌已成为德国的重要资产，这是德国人历经百年而打造的，但德国人并不满足，在新一轮信息技术革命背景下，要赋予德国制造以新的内涵。德国工业4.0是德国工业发展的新理念、国家的新战略，更为重要的是，它正在成为德国制造的新品牌，为德国的工业体系贴上新的标签，它在强化德国制造原有的内涵基础上，赋予了新的内容：高技术、高品质、高效率。德国人已经意识到，当人们谈到工业4.0的一系列概念，如柔性、智能、绿色、灵活、精准、高效时，就会天然地把这些概念和德国联系起来，都会把这些理念作为德国制造的重要特征，作为德国制造业应有之义。工业4.0强化德国制造高品质形象，西门子经常讲的案例是实施工业4.0后，百万产品缺陷率仅为15，相当于产品合格率为99.9985%；工业4.0不断强化德国制造高效率形象，虚拟工厂、无人工厂、智能工厂作为工业4.0的核心理念已深入人心；工业4.0不断强化德国制造高品质服务的形象，工业4.0反复讲的一个概念是产品全命周期服务、（服）务联网，高质量的服务正成为德国制造的新内涵。

（三）德国工业4.0战略的实施：举全国之力

我们自己经常说“举全国之力”、“集中力量办大事”，学习思考德国推进工业4.0一系列战略举措，我感觉德国工业4.0战略的实施是“举全国之力”、“集中力量办大事”的国际版。工业4.0作为一个新理念凝聚了德国各界的共识，并演变成了共同行动，这种共同行动跨越了党派、中央、地方、企业，你能看到德国强大的组织和动员能力。我们可以看看德国如何举全国之力、集中了谁的力量、办了什么事。

——联邦政府。德国联邦政府以最快的速度把一个来自民间的概念转化为国家产业战略，在工业4.0概念提出不久就将其纳入国家《高技术战略2020》，作为德国未来十大高技术项目之一。德国总理默克尔是工业4.0战略的超级推销员，把工业4.0作为大国外交合作的重要议题。2013年德国新政府成立时，将交通部改为交通和数字基础设施部，强化网络基础设施建设。同时，安排经济和能源部、德国教育和研究部全面负责工业4.0战略的实施，把工业4.0作为研发和产业化项目支持的优先领域。

——联邦议会。工业4.0战略已成为国家产业政策的重要组成部分，但这还远远不够。当联邦政府的官员们为工业4.0摇旗呐喊的时候，德国联邦议员正讨论如何为工业4.0的实施提供法律、预算等方面的支持，部分议会党团就工业4.0已经提出一些建议，呼吁政府制订相关政策。2014年2月，德国议会成立了“数字化议程”委员会，参与到德国联邦政府工业4.0及高技术战略相关预算和战略实施中。

——各州政府。我们刚讲到了很多参与工业4.0的企业都是大企业，但德国人认为让中小企业参与到4.0战略中更为重要，在新一轮的技术革命和产业变革中，“一个都不能少”。德国联邦教育和研究部国务秘书曾说，工业4.0要提供一个在技术和组织上适应中小企业需要的解决方案。为此，德国多个州政府不断完善创新集群政策和中小企业创新政策，围绕帮助中小企业全方位参与工业4.0，整合政府、协会、院所以及大企业资源，组织开展专题咨询、技术支持、平台建设、创业辅导、融资扶持、人才培训等全方位服务。

——行业协会。德国的行业协会具有较强的动员能力和组织能力，德国机械及制造商协会（VDMA）、信息技术、通讯与新媒体协会（BITKOM）、电子电气制造商协会（ZVEI）等，既是德国工业4.0的发起者、组织者，也是引领者、实施者。2013年4月，上述三个协会以及相关企业合作设立了工业4.0平台（Platform-i4.0），成立了4.0平台董事会、指导委员会、科学顾问委员会、秘书处办公室、业务工作组等5个组织机构，全面负责工业4.0的推广普及工作。德国工业4.0平台专家也给我们介绍了平台运作的基本情况，总体感是他们在业界还是很有号召力，推进工作是强有力的，而且是富有成效的。

——重点企业。德国企业是工业4.0战略的真正主体，他们的积极性、主动性和创造性才是工业4.0成败的关键。ABB、巴斯夫、宝马、博世、戴姆勒、英飞凌、SAP、西门子、蒂森克虏伯（ThyssenKrupp）、通快（TRUMPF）、蔡司（zeiss）是德国工业4.0坚定的支持者、引领者和实践者。戴姆勒开始研究工业4.0语境下的智能汽车端到端系统架构，SAP根据工业4.0概念提出装备制造业整体解决方案Idea to Performance，西门子提出智能工厂整体解决方案。我也一直惊讶为什么工业4.0在这么短的时间内能够引起这么多企业的积极响应。前一阶段时间，德国三大协会做了个调查，结果表明，47%的公司已参加到工业4.0战略中，18%的公司正参与4.0战略的研究工作，12%的公司已把工业4.0战略付诸实践，工业4.0作为一种国家战略正嵌入到企业发展战略中。

——研究院所。当前，联邦政府和州政府的研究所以及大学，已参与到了工业4.0技术开发、标准制订和人才培养体系，成为工业4.0战略实施的一支重要力量。德国人工智能研究中心、国家科学与工程院等顶级研究机构已开展涉及工业4.0一系列项目研究，弗劳恩霍夫研究所（Fraunhofer）在其所属的7个研究所引入工业4.0研发项目，凯泽斯劳腾大学、隆德大学、慕尼黑大学、达姆施塔德大学、莱茵美茵大学等围绕信息物理系统（CPS）、智能工厂、智能服务、系统生命周期管理（Syslm）等开展一系列前瞻性的研发、人才培养，部分大学也参与到了工业4.0平台（Platform-i4.0）工作体系中。

（四）优先行动：标准、技术、人才

如何将工业4.0的理念和战略转化为具体行动，德国人提出系列行动计划，包括标准化、网络设施、信息安全、流程再造、人才培训、法律政策等，这些都是重要而且必要的行动，但如果一定要更聚焦到三个最核心的行动上的话，那可以考虑将标准、技术和人才作为工业4.0最优先考虑的领域。

——标准先行。德国三大协会调查结果表明，数据的标准化是工业4.0面临的最大挑战。德国也把标准作为工业4.0战略实施的优先领域，这既是信息技术与工业技术融合发展的内在要求，也是德国工业发展进程中长期以来坚持的基本理念。德国电气电子和信息技术协会于2013年12月发表了工业4.0标准化路线图，为工业4.0行业标准制定提供了概览和规划基础，在参考体系结构、用例、术语与模型、技术流程、仪器和控制系统、服务流程、人机交互技术、开发流程、标准库、知识库等十二个领域提出具体建设。德国工业4.0平台（Platform-i4.0）、电气电子信息技术协会（VDE）和电工委员会（DKE）以及相关企业联合组成跨行业、跨领域的工作组，加快标准化路线图的实施，当前重点是加快工业4.0参考模型、术语及急需标准的制订工作。

——技术引领。当一波一波的新技术涌来并不断推动生产方式持续变革时，我们需要新的理念、新的思维、新的概念，在产品形态、管理方式、组织架构、商业模式等方面进行一系列变革，但回顾工业1.0、2.0、3.0走过的百年历程，最基本的规律是，产业革命的前提首先是技术革命，任何华丽概念背后最终都会回归到最基本的问题——技术的领先。从国家角度来看，没有核心技术支撑的产业变革终将会昙花一现。德国人清醒地认识到，工业是德国经济的基石，而这块基石的基础是百年来德国在工业技术领域坚持不懈的创新，这也是每次和德国人交流时他们最引以为豪的地方。就工业4.0战略的实施而言，继续保持并不断强化德国在工业软件、工业电子、基础材料、基础工艺、基础装备、基础器件以及交叉融合领域的技术优势，并力图在虚拟仿真、人工智能、智能工厂、智能产品、信息物理空间（CPS）等新的技术领域抢占先机。德国教育和研究部、经济和能源部、交通和数字基础设施部，弗劳恩霍夫研究所等一批联邦和州政府支持的研究院所，SAP、西门子、博世以及一批“隐形冠军”，已经参加到抢占新一轮技术制高点的竞争中，德国提出要成为智能制造技术的主要供应商和CPS（信息物理系统）技术及产品的领导者。

——人才优先。在德国企业界谈到工业4.0未来面临的挑战时，无论是传统制造业企业，还是ICT企业，都把人才问题看作他们面临的共同挑战。德国企业普遍认为，工业4.0导致了对优秀员工标准的转变，工业4.0建立在一个开放、虚拟化的工作平台之上，重复性的熟练体力和脑力工作不断被智能机器所替代，人机交互以及机器之间的对话将会越来越普遍，员工从服务者、操作者转变为一个规划者、协调者、评估者、决策者。德国认为，目前德国传统的大学教育体系中的学科设置和教学理念是基于上个世纪70年代工业需求制定的，过去的40年学科专业不断细分的教育模式难以培养能够驾驭日益复杂综合的制造业体系，工业4.0的实践不仅仅对企业自身提出了挑战，而且对传统的教育体制提出了新挑战。（五）信息安全：全球的共同挑战

信息技术越普及、越深化，信息安全问题就越突出，企业实施工业4.0的一大挑战和困惑就是，工业生产智能控制的信息安全问题，这既是一个企业的挑战，也是国家的挑战。德国各界对此有清醒的认识，并把工控安全作为工业4.0需要解决的核心议题。

小结：理解和认识德国工业4.0，是为了更好实施中国的两化深度融合战略

关于这一部分，我简单做个小结。德国工业4.0的一位权威专家说，当前在全球新一轮产业技术革命的主战场是德国、美国和中国。德国提出了工业4.0，美国提出了产业互联网，中国提出了两化深度融合战略。研究是为了借鉴，认识别人是为了更好的认识自己，研究别人的道路是为了给自己找到更好的出路

Double Bowl Handmade Sinks

Stainless steel sink is a best optimization for the kitchen use with best durability and adaptability. Stainless steel sink double is with double bowl on the sink, to provide the kitchen user more room to finish different cleaning jobs at the same time, and make job more organized with stainless steel sink with double . And its different installation ways like under mount, top mount, drop in, and apron front can satisfy your kitchen cabinet design needs. A good stainless steel sink can make your kitchen life more easy and with pleasure!

Double Bowl Handmade Sinks,Double Bowl Kitchen Sinks,Double Bowl Stainless Steel Kitchen Sinks,Double Sink Kitchen

Guangdong Huayou Hardware Products Co.,Ltd , https://www.gdhuayouhardware.com

You may also like