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1. Classified by main use
Pesticides can be classified into insecticides, acaricides, fungicides, nematicides, herbicides, plant growth regulators, insect growth regulators, rodenticides, and the like.
2. Classification by chemical structure
Existing pesticides can be classified into inorganic chemical pesticides and organic chemical pesticides in large aspects. At present, there are very few inorganic chemical pesticides, but there are more and more organic chemical farms. Can be roughly divided into: organochlorines, organophosphorus, pyrethroids, carbamates, carbamates, organic nitrogens, organic sulfurs, phenols, acids, ethers, phenoxycarboxylic acids, ureas, sulphur Acyl ureas, triazines, terpenes, organometallics and various heterocyclics.
3. Classified by source
It can be divided into three categories: mineral source pesticides, biological source pesticides and chemical synthetic pesticides:
(1) Mineral source pesticide: Mineral source pesticide refers to an inorganic compound derived from natural minerals. For example, an arsenic compound (arsenic) or the like. In the past, when organic synthetic pesticides were underdeveloped, natural mineral raw materials such as lead arsenate and calcium arsenate were commonly used as pesticides. At present, due to their high toxicity and low efficacy, they have been gradually eliminated. Only a few mineral-derived pesticides, such as lime-sulfur mixture, Bordeaux mixture, and copper (copper oxychloride) are still in use. In the use of mineral-derived pesticides, it is necessary to pay attention to the phytotoxicity, because their high concentration of use often causes phytotoxicity of crops. When using, be careful, pay attention to the quality of the spray, and choose the appropriate weather for application.
(2) Biological source pesticides: Biological source pesticides are pesticides developed using natural biological resources (such as plants, animals, and microorganisms). Due to their different sources, they can be divided into plant-derived pesticides, animal-derived pesticides and microbial pesticides.
1) Plant-derived pesticides: Plant-derived pesticides develop rapidly. In ancient China, natural products were often used to control pests and diseases, for example, the use of tobacco immersed in tobacco leaves to kill insects. Chinese herbal medicine has a long history and is rich in variety. People often use Chinese herbal medicine to treat agricultural diseases. For example, mash the juice with garlic and sterilize it. There are many kinds of plant-derived pesticides and their properties are different. For example, pyrethrin, nicotine, rotenone, cucurbitine and the like have insecticidal activity; garcinia has bactericidal activity; sodium alginate is resistant to tobacco mosaic disease; Chuanxiong and bitter strain have antifeedant properties; clove oil has attracting fruit fly The performance; citronella oil has the effect of repelling mosquitoes; brassinolide has the function of regulating plant growth and development; sesamin has the synergistic effect of insecticides. At present, on the basis of direct use of natural plants, many research units and factories have developed and registered many preparations of plant-derived pesticides, for example, rotenone emulsifiable concentrate, alizarin emulsifiable concentrate, saponin nicotine soluble emulsion, and double-alkaline water. Agents, etc.
2) Animal-derived pesticides: Although animal-derived pesticides have been developed over a period of time, the quantity is not as high as that of plant-derived pesticides, and some are only in the research stage and are still commercialized. For example, cantharidin produced by cantharidin and silkworm poison produced by silkworm. These toxins have the activity of poisoning pests. In addition, insects secrete trace chemicals, such as ecdysone and juvenile hormone, which have the function of regulating the growth and development of Kunming. Insect pheromones, that is, trace active substances produced by insects as information between species and species, can play certain functions, such as stimulation and defense. At present, the most widely used is the sexual attractant, which can attract insects and achieve the purpose of measuring the occurrence and control of pests.
3) Microbial pesticides, microbial pesticides are a kind of biopsy drugs that develop faster. Microbial pesticides include agricultural antibiotics and living microorganisms. Agricultural antibiotics are metabolites with pesticide functions produced by fermentation of antibiotics, for example. "Glycyrrhizin, Chunleimycin, Atamycin, etc., can be used to control fungal diseases,; ·mycin, oxytetracycline can be used to control bacterial diseases; yangmycin can be used to treat rice moths; newly developed Abamectin can be used to kill pests, pests, and parasites inside and outside the animal. The dosage is low and the effect is good. The living microbial pesticides are the pathogenic microorganisms of harmful organisms, that is, the living microorganisms can use the harmful organisms themselves to get sick. For example, Beauveria bassiana and green are a class of fungal insecticides (that is, they are fungi and have insecticidal activity); Bacillus subtilis (Bt) is a class of bacterial insecticides; nuclear polyhedrosis virus It is a kind of insecticide; Lubao No.1 is a kind of fungal herbicide.
(3) Chemically synthesized pesticides: Chemically synthesized pesticides are artificially developed and combined with pesticides.
Currently used mainly organic synthetic pesticides. The chemical structure of synthetic pesticides is very complicated, with many varieties, large production capacity, and application range. Its variety is highly effective, and it is called high-efficiency pesticides, and some are even called super-pharmaceuticals. For example, Jiahuanglong, Luhuanglong, and benzoxanthone are all super-efficient herbicides, and the dosage is only a few grams to ten grams. In addition, for example, pyrethroids, pesticides, cypermethrin, cyanoptic vinegar, etc. are mimicking the biomimetic pesticides synthesized by pyrethrins. It is also an extremely high-efficiency pesticide. However, the method used must be strictly observed, otherwise it will cause high efficiency. The pesticide produces resistance, so that high-efficiency pesticides can not fully exert its effectiveness and effect. In the future, chemical synthetic pesticides have great development prospects, and new varieties will be added, quality will be improved, and diseases and insects will be eliminated more effectively. , grass, rat all kinds of agricultural pests.
Classification of modern pesticide varieties
Due to the continuous development of science, there are more and more varieties of pesticides in the world. So far, more than 1,500 kinds of commercial pesticides have been circulated in the market, and there are also three or four hundred kinds of commonly used ones. In addition to importing many foreign pesticides, the country has also developed many pesticides and replicators. So how do you classify so many pesticides?
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